Abstract
Mixed-valence ruthenium (RuO x ) and iridium (IrO x ) oxides and composites on their basis (RuO x -IrO x or IrO x -RuO x ) electrodeposited onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode exhibit a catalytic activity in the electrooxidation of uric acid, xanthine, and hypoxanthine. The transition from metal oxides to composites of two mixed-valence metal oxides leads to an increase in the catalytic effect of the oxidation of hydroxypurines. The IrO x -RuO x composite demonstrated the highest catalytic activity. Procedures for the amperometric detection of hydroxypurines on this composite electrode under the conditions of flow-injection analysis (FIA) and sequential injection analysis are proposed. A linear dependence of an analytical signal on the analyte concentration is observed in the range 1 × 10−6 to 5 × 10−3 M for uric acid and xanthine and 5 × 10−7 to 5 × 10−3 M for hypoxanthine under FIA conditions and from 5 × 10−7 to 5 × 10−3 M for uric acid and xanthine and 5 × 10−9 to 5 × 10−3 M for hypoxanthine in sequential injection analysis. Under FIA conditions, the sensitivity, rapidity, and performance of the analysis increase compared to the stationary conditions. The advantages of sequential injection analysis over FIA include a lower consumption of the supporting electrolyte; the absence of pumps and connections; and an increase in sensitivity, reproducibility, and rapidity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Koolman, J. and Roehm, K.H., Color Atlas of Biochemistry, Thieme, 2005, 2nd. Ed.
Baş S.Z., Gülce, H., Yıldız, S., J. Mol. Catal., B, 2011, vol. 72, nos. 3–4, p. 282.
Zen, J.M., Lai, Y.Y., Ilangovan, G., and Kumar, A.S., Electroanalysis, 2000, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 280.
Abdullin, I.F., Bakanina, Yu.N., Turova, E.N., and Budnikov, G.K., J. Anal. Chem., 2001, vol. 56, no. 5, p. 453.
Lawal, A.T. and Adeloju, S.B., Food Chem., 2012, vol. 135, no. 4, p. 2982.
Khajehsharifi, H. and Pourbasheer, E., J. Iran. Chem. Soc, 2011, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 1113.
Richter, T., Shultz-Lockyear, L.L., Oleschuk, R.D., Bilitewski, U., and Harrison, D.J., Sens. Actuat. B, 2002, vol. 81, nos. 2–3, p. 369.
Causse, DrE., Pradelles, A., Dirat, B., Negre-Salvayre, A., Salvayre, R., and Couderc, Dr.F., Electrophoresis, 2007, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 381.
Czauderna, M. and Kowalczyk, J., J. Chromatogr. B, 2000, vol. 744, no. 1, p. 129.
Carsol, M.A., Volpe, G., and Mascini, M., Talanta, 1997, vol. 44, no. 11, p. 2151.
Budnikov, G.K., Maistrenko, V.N., and Vyaselev, M.R., Osnovy sovremennogo elektrokhimicheskogo analiza (Principals of Contemporary Elecrochemical Analysis), Moscow: Binom, 2003.
Budnikov, G.K., Evtyugin, G.A., and Maistrenko, V.N., Modifitsirovannye elektrody dlya vol’tamperometrii v khimii, biologii i meditsine (Dopped Electrodes to Voltammetry in Chemistry, Biology and Medicine), Moscow: Binom, 2010.
Goyal, R.N., Mittal, A., and Sharma, S., Electroanalysis, 1994, vol. 6, no. 7, p. 609.
Ren, W., Luo, H.Q., and Li, N.B., Biosens. Bioelectron., 2006, vol. 21, no. 7, p. 1086.
Kannan, P. and John, S.A., Anal. Biochem., 2009, vol. 386, p. 65.
Sun, D., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Wu, K., Chen, J., and Zhou, Y., Sens. Actuat. B, 2009, vol. 141, no. 2, p. 641.
Wang, G., Meng, J., Liu, H., Jiao, S., Zhang, W., Chen, D., and Fang, B., Electrochim. Acta, 2008, vol. 53, no. 6, p. 2837.
Thiagarajan, S. and Chen, S.-M., Talanta, 2007, vol. 74, no. 2, p. 212.
Shaidarova, L.G., Romanova, E.I, Chelnokova, I.A., Gedmina, A.V., and Budnikov, G.K., Uchen. Zap. Kazan. Univ., Ser. Estestv. Nauk, 2010, vol. 152, no. 1, p. 71.
Fei, J., Wu, K., Wu, Y., and Hu, S., J. Solid State Eletrochem., 2004, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 316.
Shaidarova, L.G. and Budnikov, G.K., Problemy analiticheskoi khimii. T. 14: Khimicheskie sensory (Problems of Analytical Chemistry. Vol. 14. Chemical Sensors), Vlasov, Yu.G., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 2011.
Shaidarova, L.G. and Budnikov, G.K., in Farmatsevticheskii analiz (Pharmaceutical Analysis), Moscow: ANRAMAK-MEDIA, 2013.
Wang, J., J. Microchem., 1992, vol. 45, no. 2, p. 219.
Quintino, M.S.M. and Angnes, L., Electroanalysis, 2004, vol. 16, no. 7, p. 513.
Dutt, J.S.N., Cardosi, M.F., and Davis, J., Analyst, 2003, vol. 128, no. 7, p. 811.
Dryhurst, G., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1971, vol. 118, no. 5, p. 699.
Kathiwala, M., Affum, A.O., Perrya, J., and Brajter-Toth, A., Analyst, 2008, vol. 133, no. 6, p. 810.
Zen, J.-M., Kumar, A.S., and Chen, J.-Ch., J. Mol. Catal. A, 2001, vol. 165, nos. 1–2, p. 177.
Shaidarova, L.G., Ziganshina, S.A., and Budnikov, G.K., J. Anal. Chem., 2003, vol. 58, no. 6, p. 577.
Mailley, S.C., Hyland, M., Mailley, P., McLaughlin, J.M., and McAdams, E.T., Mater. Sci. Eng., 2002, vol. 21, nos. 1–2, p. 167.
Shaidarova, L.G., Gedmina, A.V., Chelnokova, I.A., and Budnikov, G.K., Zh. Prikl. Khim., 2007, vol. 80, no. 8, p. 1307.
Gorski, W., Anal. Chem., 2000, vol. 72, no. 13, p. 2696.
Kushmanova, O.D. and Ivchenko, G.M., Rukovodstvo k laboratornym zanyatiyam po biologicheskoi khimii (Guide to Laboratory Works on Biological Chemistry), Moscow: Meditsina, 1983.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © L.G. Shaidarova, I.A. Chelnokova, G.F. Makhmutova, M.A. Degteva, A.V. Gedmina, H.C. Budnikov, 2014, published in Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii, 2014, Vol. 69, No. 9, pp. 946–956.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shaidarova, L.G., Chelnokova, I.A., Makhmutova, G.F. et al. Flow-injection and sequential injection determination of hydroxypurines on an electrode modified with mixed-valence ruthenium and iridium oxides. J Anal Chem 69, 864–874 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106193481409010X
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106193481409010X