Abstract—The paper presents the results of studying the detectability of surface volumetric defects by ultrasonic method of nondestructive testing. The possibility of using Rayleigh surface waves excited by an electromagnetic-acoustic transducer (EMAT) for these purposes is considered. Blind vertical drillings of various diameters and depths were used as artificial defects to simulate defects in low carbon steel samples. Based on the results of measurements, the dependence of the amplitude of the received signals on drilling parameters has been constructed. When statistically processing the results, the signal-to-noise ratio during the excitation of the Rayleigh wave with the help of the EMAT on defect-free areas of samples was taken into account. Optimal models of the distribution of signal amplitudes were determined to construct the curves of probability of detection (PoD) of a defect. Under the conditions of the experiments, based on the PoD curves constructed, conclusions have been drawn about the minimum dimensions of surface volumetric defects identified with 90% probability with allowance for the confidence interval of 90% and about the possibility of adjusting the parameters of ultrasonic testing by signals reflected from vertical drillings.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Davydova, D.G., Defects of technological pipelines: Typology, assessment of impact on operation, Prom. Bezop.-Priuralye, 2012, no. 8, pp. 24–28.
Erekhinskii, B.A., Maslakov, S.V., Shustov, N.I., Mitrofanov, A.V., Baryshev, S.N., Zaryaev, M.Yu., Kravtsov, A.V., and Egorov, S.V., Metal cracking of the gate valves of fountain valves of gas producing wells of northern fields, Territ. Neftegaz, 2014, no. 2, pp. 31–36.
Safina, I.S., Kauzova, P.A., and Gushchin, D.A., Evaluation of technical condition of vertical steel tanks, Tekhnadzor, 2016, no. 3 (112), pp. 39–42.
Kretov, E.F., Ul’trazvukovaya defektoskopiya v energomashinostroenii (Ultrasonic Flaw Detection in Power Engineering), St. Petersburg: Sven, 2007.
Kalinichenko, N.P. and Vasilyeva, M.A., Atlas defektov svarnikh soedinenii i osnovnogo metalla/Uchebno-Metodicheskoe Posobie (Atlas of Defects of Welded Joints and Base Metal. A Handbook), Tomsk: Tomsk Politekh. Univ., 2006.
Viktorov, I.A., Zvukovye poverkhnostnye volny v tverdykh telakh (Sound Surface Waves in Solids), Moscow: Nauka, 1981.
Viktorov, I.A., On the influence of surface imperfections on propagation of Rayleigh waves, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1958, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 463–465.
Dymkin, G.Ya. and Maksimov, A.V., Investigation of reflection of Rayleigh waves from subsurface defects, Defektoskopiya, 1988, no. 3, pp. 93–94.
Lokhov, V.P., Study of Relay wave diffraction by a crack edge, Defektoskopiya, 1989, no. 3, pp. 39–47.
Razygraev, N.P., Razygraev, A.N., Ponomarev, S.N., Bezlyud’ko, G.Y., Mikhovski, M., and Mirchev, I., Investigation of the technique of ultrasonic thickness control using the EMA method, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2010, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 440–457.
Mogil'ner, L.Yu., Skuridin, N.N., Pridein, O.A., and Timeko, A.I., The use of electromagnetic-acoustic thickness gauges in diagnostics of metal structures and mechanical-technological equipment, Nauka Tekhnol. Truboprovodn. Transp. Nefti Nefteprod., 2019, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 315–325.
Lutsenko, G.G., About slanted emission of bulk shear waves by an electromagnetic-acoustic transducer, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2001, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 708–717.
Aleshin, N.P., Krysko, N.V., Schipakov, N.A., and Mogilner, L.Yu., Optimization of parameters of mechanized ultrasonic testing of extended welds, Nauka Tekhnol. Truboprovodn. Transp. Nefti Nefteprod., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 574–585.
Aleshin, N.P., Syrkin, M.M., Grigorev, M.V., and Kozlov, D.M., Automated scanner-detector “Avtokon-EMA-MGGU,” Svarka Diagn., 2009, no. 4, pp. 28–31.
YouTube, Thickness Measurement with EMAT — Ternate PowerBox H. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= jfseQEJgupM. Accessed December 28, 2018.
STARMANS electronics s.r.o. http://starmansndt.ru/defektoskopi/dio-IOOOpa.html. Accessed December 28, 2018.
Nordinkraft company website. https://nordinkraft.de/sonaflex-ru. Accessed January 26, 2021.
Acoustic control systems: presentation of “AKS-Group.” http://www.acsys.ru/upload/iblock/9bd/acsys-promo-booklet_web_curves.pdf. Accessed December 26, 2018.
Volchenko, V.N., Veroyatnost’ I dostovernost’ otsenki kachestva (Probability and Reliability of Quality Assessment), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1978.
Wright, M., Developing Qualified NDT Procedures & The Technical Justification Process, Waterloo: Eclipse Scientific, 2016.
Gourieroux, C. and Monfor, A., Statistics and Econometric Models. Vol. 2. Testing, Confidence Regions, Model Selection and Asymptotic Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995.
RELIABILITY A Python library for reliability engineering. https://reliability.readthedocs.io/en/latest/. Accessed January 26, 2021.
https://www.statisticalengineering.com/mh1823/MIL-HDBK-1823A(2009).pdf. Accessed 26.01.2021.
Gordon Rachel A., Applied statistics for the social and health sciences, New York: Routledge, 2012.
MIL-HDBK-1823 Department of Defense Handbook “Nondestructive Evaluation System. Reliability Assessment.” http://statisticalengineering.com/mh1823/. Accessed 26.01.2021.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aleshin, N.P., Krysko, N.V., Kusyy, A.G. et al. Investigating the Detectability of Surface Volumetric Defects in Ultrasonic Testing with the Use of Rayleigh Waves Generated by an Electromagnetic-Acoustic Transducer. Russ J Nondestruct Test 57, 361–368 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830921050028
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830921050028