Abstract
We consider the procedure of ultrasonic quality control of weld seams in thin-walled titanium-alloy shells with a thickness of 0.6 mm. Publications devoted to the excitation and propagation of Lamb waves and practical problems of ultrasonic inspection of thin-walled products are reviewed. The problem of detecting adhesions (areas of a weld seam with lack of penetration that conduct ultrasonic waves well but do not provide mechanical strength) is solved. It is proposed to use a corner groove as an indicator of lack of penetration in the weld. The propagation of different modes of Lamb waves in the material is analyzed, and the optimal testing parameters are selected. High information content of the signal is achieved using wavelet analysis and fine-pitch precision digital filters. Defectograms of a weld containing defective and defect-free areas are analyzed. The results of ultrasound scanning are compared with metallography data.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Bergmann, L., Der Ultraschall und seine Anwendung in Wissenschaft und Technik, Zürich, 1954.
Viktorov, I.A., Fizicheskie osnovy primeneniya ul’trazvukovykh voln Releya i Lemba v tekhnike (Physical Foundations of Application of Rayleigh and Lamb Ultrasonic Waves in Technology), Moscow: Nauka, 1966.
Brekhovskikh, L.M., Volny v sloistykh sredakh (Waves in Layered Media), Moscow: Nauka, 1973.
Vinogradova, M.B., Rudenko, O.V., and Sukhorukiy, A.P., Teoriya voln (Wave theory), Moscow: Nauka, 1979.
Kino, S., Acoustic Waves, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1987.
Krautkremer, I. and Krautkremer, G., Ul’trazvukovoi kontrol’ materialov (Ultrasonic Inspection of Materials), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1991.
Shcherbinskii, V.G. and Aleshin, N.P., Ul’trazvukovoi kontrol’ svarnykh soedinenii (Ultrasonic Testing of Welded Joints), Moscow: Izd. Mosk. Gos. Tekh. Univ. im. N.E. Bauman, 2000, 3rd ed.
Nerazrushayuschiy kontrol’. Spravochnik v 8 tomakh (Nondestructive Testing—A Handbook in Eight Volumes), Klyuev, V.V., Ed., Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 2008, vol. 3.
Deryabin, A.A., Development of criteria for assessing the types of defects in welded joints of thin-walled pipes by Lamb waves, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) Dissertation, Moscow: Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2008.
Loshitskii, A.R., Theoretical studies of the propagation of Lamb waves in elastic plates, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) Dissertation, Moscow: ZAO TsNIIOMTP, 2001.
Korobov, A.I. and Izosimova, M.Yu., Nonlinear Lamb waves in a metal plate with defects, Acoust. Phys., 2006, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 589–597.
Kuznetsov, S.V., Lamb waves in anisotropic plates (review), Acoust. Phys., 2014, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 95–103.
Il’yashenko, A.V. and Kuznetsov, S.V., Theoretical Aspects of Applying Lamb Waves in Nondestructive Testing of Anisotropic Media, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2017, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 243–259.
Perov, D.V. and Rinkevich, A.B., Localization of reflectors in plates by ultrasonic testing with lamb waves, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2017, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 265–278.
Burkov, M.V., Eremin, A.V., Lyubutin, P.S., Byakov, A.V., and Panin, S.V., Applying an ultrasonic Lamb wave based technique to testing the condition of V96ts3T12 aluminum alloy, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2017, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 817–829.
Kazakov, V.V., Detection and determination of the position of a crack in a plate by a nonlinear modulation method using Lamb waves, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz., 2018, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 555–565.
Burkov, M.V., Lyubutin, P.S., and Byakov, A.V., Lamb wave ultrasonic detection of barely visible impact damages of CFRP, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2019, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 89–101.
Aversheva, A.V. and Kuznetsov, S.V., Numerical modeling of the propagation of Lamb waves in an isotropic layer, Int. J. Comput. Civ. Struct. Eng., 2019, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 14–23.
Barkhatov, V.A., Development of methods of ultrasonic nondestructive testing of welded joints, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2003, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 23–47.
Aleshin, N.P. and Deryabin, A.A., Development of criteria for assessing the types of defects in welded joints of thin-walled pipes by Lamb waves, Kontrol’. Diagn., 2008, no. 2, pp. 30–33.
Burkin, S.P., Serebryakov, A.V., Markov, A.D., and Serebryakov, A.V., Improvement of the technique of ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes, Zavod. Lab., Diagn. Mater., 2012, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 45–49.
Deryabin, A.A., Remizov, A.L., and Prilutsky, M.A., Solid-state model of diffraction of Lamb waves in the presence of crack-like defects, Aktual. Probl. Gumanitarnykh Estestv. Nauk., 2013, no. 11-1, pp. 98–106.
Deryabin, A.A., Remizov, A.L., and Prilutsky, M.A., Solid-state model of diffraction of Lamb waves in the presence of volumetric defects, Aktual. Probl. Gumanitarnykh Estestv. Nauk., 2013, no. 12-1, pp. 77–82.
Burkov, M.V., Panin, S.V., Byakov, A.V., Lyubutin, P.S., and Eremin, A.V., Application of the ultrasonic method using Lamb waves for monitoring the state of aluminum alloys. Part 1. Static mechanical tests, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Fiz., 2015, vol. 58, no. 6-2, pp. 25–30.
Burkov, M.V., Panin, S.V., Byakov, A.V., Lyubutin, P.S., and Eremin, A.V., Application of the ultrasonic method using Lamb waves for monitoring the state of aluminum alloys. Part 2. Cyclic mechanical tests, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Fiz., 2015, vol. 58, no. 6-2, pp. 31–35.
Kopytov, D.V., Kuznetsov, M.N., Babenkov, M.V., and Gurevich, D.V., Experience in the use of ultrasonic scanning using Lamb waves when inspecting the bottoms of tanks, Avtom., Telemekh. Svyaz Neft. Prom-sti., 2015, no. 12, pp. 4–6.
Murav’eva, O.V. and Murav’ev, V.V., Methodological peculiarities of using SH- and Lamb waves when assessing the anisotropy of properties of flats, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2016, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 363–369.
Murav’ev, V.V., Murav’ieva, O.V., and Volkova, L.V., Influence of anisotropy of mechanical properties of thin-rolled steel rolled stock on informative parameters of Lamb waves, Stal’, 2016, no. 10, pp. 75–79.
Evdokimov, A.A., Distribution and motion of the roots of the dispersion equation for Lamb waves in the complex plane, Ekol. Vestn. Nauchn. Tsentrov. Chern. Ekon. Sodruzhestva, 2017, no. 3, pp. 30–37.
Nirbhay, M., Dixit, A., and Misra, R.K., Finite element modelling of Lamb waves propagation in 3D plates and brass tubes for damage detection, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2017, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 308–329.
Iskhuzhin, R.R. and Atavin, V.G., Determination of the optimal angle of excitation of Lamb waves using a phased antenna array, XXI Vserossiiskaya konferentsiya po nerazrushayuschemu kontrolyu I tekhnicheskoi diagnostike: sbornik trudov (XXI All-Russ. Conf. Nondestr. Test. Tech. Diagn. Proc.), Moscow: Spektr, 2017.
Gurevich, S.Yu., Petrov, Yu.V., and Golubev, E.V., Thickness gauging of thin metalware with ultrasound excited by laser nanopulses, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2018, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 147–150.
Ze-Yu Don, Hai-Tao Wang, Xian-Ming Yang, Xin Li, Jun Shu, and Meng Hao Jiang, Research for evaluation method based on Lamb waves for thickness of ship deck beams, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2020, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 556–565.
Grigorievsky, V.I., Kozlov, A.I., Plessky, V.P., and Tereshkov, V.P., Calculation of dispersion curves of Lamb modes in YZ-cut lithium niobate plates, Akust. Zh., 1985, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 42–44.
Barkhatov, V.A., Solution of the one-dimensional inverse acoustic problem with allowance for velocity dispersion and frequency-dependent wave attenuation, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2009, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 29–39.
Terent’ev, D.A. and Popkov, Y.S., Determination of the parameters of the dispersion curves of Lamb waves with the use of the Hough transform of the spectrogram of an AE signal, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2014, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 19–28.
Zakharov, D.D., Parametric analysis of complex dispersion curves for flexural Lamb waves in layered plates in the low-frequency range, Acoust. Phys., 2018, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 387–401.
Hu, Y., Zhu, Y., Tu, X., Lu, J., and Li, F., Dispersion curve analysis method for Lamb wave mode separation, Struct. Health Monit., 2020, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1590–1601. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921719890590
Zima, B. and Kedra, R., Numerical study of concrete mesostructure effect on lamb wave propagation, Materials, 2020, vol. 13, no. 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112570
Zhang, Y., Qian, Z., and Wang, B., Modes control of Lamb wave in plates using meander-line electromagnetic acoustic transducers, Appl. Sci. (Switzerland), 2020, vol. 10, no. 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103491
Iskhuzhin, R. R., Borisov, V. N., Atavin, V. G., Uzkikh, A. A., and Khafizova, K. K., Ultrasonic testing of thinwalled titanium weld joint with adhesion detector, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., vol. 1636. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1636/1/012004
Gao, F., Wang, L., Hua, J., Lin, J., and Mal, A., Application of Lamb wave and its coda waves to disband detection in an aeronautical honeycomb composite sandwich, Mech. Syst. Sign. Proc., 2021, vol. 146, p. 107063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.107063
He, J., Huo, H., Guan, X., and Yang, J., A Lamb wave quantification model for inclined cracks with experimental validation, Chin. J. Aeronaut., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2020.02.010
Hua, J., Cao, X., Yi, Y., and Lin, J., Time-frequency damage index of Broadband Lamb wave for corrosion inspection, J. Sound Vib., vol. 464, p. 114985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2019.114985
Zhang, Z., Pan, H., Wang, X., and Lin, Z., Machine learning-enriched lamb wave approaches for automated damage detection, Sensors (Switzerland), 2020, no. 20 (6), p. 1790. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061790
Zhu, W.G., Li, Y.F., Guan, L.Q., Wan, X.L., Yu, H.Y., and Liu, X.Z., Micro-crack detection of nonlinear Lamb wave propagation in three-dimensional plates with mixed-frequency excitation, Chin. Phys. B, vol. 29, no. 1, p. 014302. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ab5931
Jiao, P., Egbe, K.-J.I., Xie, Y., Matin Nazar, A., and Alavi, A.H., Piezoelectric sensing techniques in structural health monitoring: a state-of-the-art review, Sensors (Switzerland), 2020, vol. 20, no. 13, p. 3730. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133730
Rébillat, M. and Mechbal, N., Damage localization in geometrically complex aeronautic structures using canonical polyadic decomposition of Lamb wave difference signal tensors, Struct. Health Monit., 2020, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921719843453
Wan, T., Chang, J., Zeng, X., and Li, Y., Damage identification and scanning imaging of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite plates based on empirical mode decomposition and correlation coefficient. Fuhe Cailiao Xuebao, Acta Mater. Compos. Sin., 2020, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 1921–1931. https://doi.org/10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20191031.003
Fromme, P., Guided wave sensitivity prediction for part and through-thickness crack-like defects, Struct. Health Monit., 2020, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 953—963. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921719892205
Liu, B., Liu, T., Zhao, J., and Hang, D., Frequency Aliasing-Based Spatial-Wavenumber Filter for Online Damage Monitoring, Shock Vib., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8856241
Xiao, W., Yu, L., Joseph, R., and Giurgiutiu, V., Fatigue-crack detection and monitoring through the scattered wave two-dimensional cross-correlation imaging method using piezoelectric transducers, Sensors (Switzerland), 2020, vol. 20, no. 11, p. 3035. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113035
Hu, C., Yang, B., Xuan, F. Z., Yan, J., and Xiang, Y., Damage orientation and depth effect on the guided wave propagation behavior in 30CrMo steel curved plates, Sensors (Switzerland), 2020, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030849
Chen, B., Wang, C., Wang, P., Zheng, S., and Sun, W., Research on fatigue damage in high-strength steel (FV520B) using nonlinear ultrasonic testing, Shock Vib., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8847704
Ewald, V., Groves, R., and Benedictus, R., Integrative approach for transducer positioning optimization for ultrasonic structural health monitoring for the detection of deterministic and probabilistic damage location, Struct. Health Monit., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921720933172
Serey, V., Quaegebeur, N., Renier, M., Micheau, P., Masson, P., and Castaings, M., Selective generation of ultrasonic guided waves for damage detection in rectangular bars, Struct. Health Monit., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921720947407
Nicassio, F., Carrino, S., and Scarselli, G., Non-linear Lamb Waves for Locating Defects in Single-Lap Joints, Front. Built Env., 2020, no. 6 (45). https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2020.00045
Dafydd, I. and Sharif Khodaei, Z., Analysis of barely visible impact damage severity with ultrasonic guided Lamb waves, Struct. Health Monit., 2020, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1104–1122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921719878850
Li, J., Sharif Khodaei, Z., and Aliabadi, M. H., Boundary element modelling of ultrasonic Lamb waves for structural health monitoring, Smart Mater. Struct., 2020, vol. 29, no. 10, p. 105030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aba6ce
Liu, Y., He, A., Liu, J., Mao, Y., and Liu, X., Location of micro-cracks in plates using time reversed nonlinear Lamb waves, Chin. Phys. B., 2020, vol. 29, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ab81f7
Xu, C., Yang, Z., Qiao, B., and Chen, X., A parameter estimation based sparse representation approach for mode separation and dispersion compensation of Lamb waves in isotropic plate, Smart Mater. Struct., 2020, vol. 29, no. 3, p. 035020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab6ce7
Chen, X. and Ni, L., Mode separation for multimode Lamb waves overlapped in time and frequency domains by using fractional differential. Shengxue Xuebao, Acta Acustica, 2020, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 205–214. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.67.20180561
He, C., Ren, Z., Lyu, Y., Gao, J., Wang, S., and Song, G., Reflection/transmission characteristics based on Legendre orthogonal polynomial method, Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao, 2020, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 1258–1266. https://doi.org/10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0434
Attar, L., Leduc, D., Ech Cherif El Kettani, M., Predoi, M. V., Galy, J., and Pareige, P., Detection of the degraded interface in dissymmetrical glued structures using Lamb waves, NDT & E Int., 2020, vol. 111. p. 102213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint/2019/102213
Ismail, N., Hafizi, Z.M., Nizwan, C.K.E., and Ali, S., Interactions of Lamb waves with defects in a thin metallic plate using the finite element method, in Advances in Mechatronics, Manufacturing, and Mechanical Engineering. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, Zakaria, M., Abdul Majeed, A., and Hassan, M., Eds., Singapore: Springer, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7309-5_19
Tie, Y., Zhang, Q., Hou, Y., and Li, C., Impact damage assessment in orthotropic CFRP laminates using nonlinear Lamb wave: Experimental and numerical investigations, Compos. Struct., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.111869
Chen, H., Zhang, G., Fan, D., Fang, L., and Huang, L., Nonlinear Lamb wave analysis for microdefect identification in mechanical structural health assessment. Measurement, J. Int. Measur. Confed., 2020, vol. 164, p. 108026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108026
Zhou, K., Xu, X., and Wu, Z., Damage detection with single mode lamb wave based on piezoelectric transducers, Yadian Yu Shengguang, 2020, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 38–41. https://doi.org/10.11977/j.issn.1004-2474.2020.01.010
Haider, M. F., Joseph, R., Giurgiutiu, V., and Poddar, B., An efficient analytical global–local (AGL) analysis of the Lamb wave scattering problem for detecting a horizontal crack in a stiffened plate, Acta Mechanica, 2020, vol. 231, no. 2, pp. 577–596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-019-02555-z
Liu, H., and Zhang, Y., Deep learning based crack damage detection technique for thin plate structures using guided lamb wave signals, Smart Mater. Struct., 2020, vol. 29, no. 1, p. 015032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab58d6
Borate, P., Wang, G., and Wang, Y., Data-driven structural health monitoring approach using guided Lamb wave responses, J. Aerosp. Eng., 2020, vol. 33, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0001145
Jia, H., Liu, H., Zhang, Z., Dai, F., Liu, Y., and Leng, J., A baseline-free approach of locating defect based on mode conversion and the reciprocity principle of Lamb waves, Ultrasonics, 2020, vol. 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106063
Tai, S., Kotobuki, F., Wang, L., and Mal, A., Modeling Ultrasonic Elastic Waves in Fiber-Metal Laminate Structures in Presence of Sources and Defects, J. Nondestr. Eval. Diagn. Progn. Eng. Syst., 2020, vol. 3, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4046946
Bahador, M. M., Zaimbashi, A., and Rahgozar, R., Three-stage Lamb-wave-based damage localization algorithm in plate-like structures for structural health monitoring applications, Sign. Process., 2020, vol. 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2019.107360
Wang, X., Xiang, Y., Zhu, W. J., Ding, T. T., and Li, H. Y., Damage assessment in Q690 high strength structural steel using nonlinear Lamb waves, Constr. Build. Mat., 2020, vol. 234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117384
Purcel,l F.A., Eaton, M., Pearson, M.R., and Pullin, R., Non-destructive evaluation of isotropic plate structures by means of mode filtering in the frequency-wavenumber domain, Mech. Syst. Sign. Process., 2020, vol. 142, p. 106801. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YMSSP.2020.106801
Li, J., Lu, Y., and Lee, Y. F., Debonding detection in CFRP-reinforced steel structures using anti-symmetrical guided waves, Compos. Struct., 2020, vol. 253, p. 112813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112813
Lee, Y.F., Lu, Y., and Guan, R., Nonlinear guided waves for fatigue crack evaluation in steel joints with digital image correlation validation, Smart Mater. Struct., 2020, vol. 29, no. 3, p. 035031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab6fe7
Alnuaimi, H., Amjad, U., Russo, P., Lopresto, V., and Kundu, T., Monitoring damage in composite plates from crack initiation to macro-crack propagation combining linear and nonlinear ultrasonic techniques, Struct. Health Monit., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921720922922
Weiland, J., Hesser, D. F., Xiong, W., Schiebahn, A., Markert, B., and Reisgen, U., Structural health monitoring of an adhesively bonded CFRP aircraft fuselage by ultrasonic Lamb Waves. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G, J. Aerosp. Eng., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410020950511
Lamb-Wave Based Structural Health Monitoring in Polymer Composites, Research Topics in Aerospace, Lammering, R. et al., Eds., Berlin: Springer, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49715-0
Mogil’ner, L.Yu., The use of a cylindrical reflector for adjusting the sensitivity during ultrasonic testing, Defectoskopiya, 2018, no. 7, pp. 27–36.
Mogil’ner, L.Yu., Smorodinskii, Ya.G., Ultrasonic flaw detection: Adjustment and calibration of equipment using samples with cylindrical drilling, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2018, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 630–637.
GOST 3722-2014. Rolling bearings. Steel balls. Technical conditions, Moscow: Standartinform, 2015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Iskhuzhin, R.R., Borisov, V.N., Atavin, V.G. et al. Ultrasonic Testing of Welds in Thin-Walled Titanium Shells Using an Incomplete Penetration Indicator. Russ J Nondestruct Test 57, 105–113 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830921020054
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830921020054