Abstract
Based on long-term (2004–2016) expedition studies, statistical generalization and zoning of aerosol physicochemical characteristics in the eastern Atlantic (from the English Channel to Antarctica) are performed. For six latitudinal zones of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans (>45°N; 20°–45°N; 0°–20°N; 0°–20°S; 20°–55°S; >55°S) the average values of the main aerosol characteristics are presented, i.e., atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine and coarse AOD components, particle number concentrations, and mass concentrations of aerosol, black carbon, and water-soluble ions (Na+, Mg2+, Cl−, K+, Ca2+, \(\rm{NH}_4^+, \rm{NO}_3^-, \rm{SO}_4^{2-}\)), as well as of gas admixtures (SO2, HCl, HNO3, NH3). It is shown that the zonal variability range of optical and microphysical aerosol characteristics is about an order of magnitude: the largest (minimal) average values are observed in the tropical zone (over Southern Ocean). The zonal differences (a factor of 1.3 to 4.3) in concentrations of ions and gas admixtures are much smaller and comparable to synoptic-scale variations. The concentrations of “marine” ions are maximal over the Southern Atlantic, and those of “continental” ions in the Northern hemisphere tropical and subtropical zones; the concentrations of all ions are minimal over the Southern Ocean. The specific features of geographic distribution of gas admixtures are noted: the maximal concentrations of HCl and NH3 are observed over the Southern Atlantic, those of SO2 and HNO3 near Europe, and the lowest level is observed in the tropical zone.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
O. D. Barteneva, N. I. Nikitinskaya, G. G. Sakunov, and L. K. Veselova, Atmospheric Column Transparency in the Visible and IR (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1991) [in Russian].
K. S. Shifrin, V. M. Volgin, B. N. Volkov, O. A. Ershov, and A. V. Smirnov, “Optical depth of atmospheric aerosol over seas,” Issled. Zemli Kosmosa, No. 4, 21–30 (1985).
V. M. Volgin, O. A. Ershov, A. V. Cmirnov, and K. S. Shifrin, “Aerosol optical depth in typical sea regions,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Fiz. Atmos. Okeana 24 (10), 1058–1064 (1988).
C. Tomasi and F. Prodi, “Measurement of atmospheric turbidity and vertical mass loading of particulate matter in marine environments (Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Somalian Coast),” J. Geophys. Res. 87 (C2), 1279–1286 (1982).
K. K. Moorthy, S. K. Satheesh, S. S. Baby, and A. Saha, “Large latitudinal gradients and temporal heterogeneity in aerosol black carbon and its mass mixing ratio over southern and northern oceans observed during a trans-continental cruise experiment,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L14818 (2005).
V. M. Kopeikin, I. A. Repina, E. I. Grechko, and B. I. Ogorodnikov, “Measurements of soot aerosol content in the near-water atmospheric layer in Southern and Northen semispheres,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 23 (6), 500–507 (2010).
T. S. Bates, P. K. Quinn, D. S. Covert, D. J. Coffman, J. E. Johnson, and A. Wiedensohler, “Aerosol physical properties and controlling processes in lower marine boundary layer: A comparison of submicron data from ACE-1 and ACE-2,” Tellus B 52, 258–272 (2000).
F. Raes, T. S. Bates, F. McGovern, and M. van Liedekerke, “The 2nd aerosol characterization experiment (ACE-2): General overview and main results,” Tellus B 52, 111–125 (2000).
S. M. Sakerin and D. M. Kabanov, “Spatial inhomogeneities and the spectral behavior of atmospheric aerosol optical depth over the Atlantic Ocean,” J. Atmos. Sci. 59 (3), Part 1, 484–500 (2002).
S. M. Sakerin, D. M. Kabanov, A. V. Smirnov, and B. N. Holben, “Aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere over ocean in the wavelength range 0.37–4 µm,” Int. J. Remote Sens. 29 (9), 2519–2547 (2008). doi 10.1080/01431160701767492
A. Smirnov, B. N. Holben, Y. J. Kaufman, O. Dubovik, T. F. Eck, I. Slutsker, C. Pietras, and R. N. Halthore, “Optical properties of atmospheric aerosol in maritime environments,” J. Atmos. Sci. 59 (3), Part 1, 501–523 (2002).
A. P. Lisitzin, “Arid sedimentation in the oceans and atmospheric particulate matter,” Rus. Geol. Geophys. 52 (10), 1100–1133 (2011).
D. M. Kabanov and S. M. Sakerin, “Transmission of the atmosphere over the Atlantic Ocean. Part 2. Variations of the aerosol optical thickness and moisture content,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 13 (8), 664–670 (2000).
S. M. Sakerin, D. M. Kabanov, V. V. Pol’kin, V. F. Radionov, B. N. Holben, and A. Smirnov, “Variations in aerosol optical and microphysical characteristics along the route of Russian Antarctic expeditions in the East Atlantic,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 30 (1), 89–102 (2017).
O. D. Barteneva, L. K. Veselova, and N. I. Nikitinskaya, About Optical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol of the Tropic Zone of the Atlantic, TROPEKS-72 (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1974), p. 482–493 [in Russian].
K. S. Shifrin, V. A. Gashko, and B. V. Novogrudskii, Spectral Transparency of the Atmosphere over the Tropical Part of the Indian Ocean, Hydrophysical and Optical Research in the Indian Ocean (Nauka, Moscow, 1975), p. 164–170 [in Russian].
V. A. Gashko and K. S. Shifrin, “Spectral Transparency of the Atmosphere in the North-Western part of the Pacific,” Sea Optics (Nauka, Moscow, 1983), p. 190–194 [in Russian].
O. A. Ershov, A. V. Smirnov, and K. S. Shifrin, “Study of spectral transparency and halo in the atmosphere over ocean,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Fiz. Atmos. Okeana 26 (4), 388–394 (1990).
C. Tomasi, A. A. Kokhanovsky, A. Lupi, C. Ritter, A. Smirnov, M. Mazzola, R. S. Stone, C. Lanconelli, V. Vitale, B. N. Holben, S. Nyeki, C. Wehrli, V. Altonen, G. de Leeuw, E. Rodriguez, A. B. Herber, K. Stebel, A. Stohl, N. T. O' Neill, V. F. Radionov, T. Zielinski, T. Petelski, S. M. Sakerin, D. M. Kabanov, Y. Xue, L. Mei, L. Istomina, R. Wagener, B. McArthur, P. S. Sobolewski, J. Butler, R. Kivi, Y. Courcoux, P. Larouche, S. Broccardo, and S. J. Piketh, “Aerosol remote sensing in polar regions,” Earth-Sci. Rev. 140, 108–157 (2015).
V. A. Smerkalov, Applied Atmospheric Optics (Gidrometeoizdat, St. Petersburg, 1997) [in Russian].
A. Smirnov, B. N. Holben, I. Slutsker, D. Giles, C. R. McClain, T. F. Eck, S. M. Sakerin, A. Macke, P. Croot, G. Zibordi, P. Quinn, J. Sciare, S. Kinne, M. Harvey, T. Smyth, S. Piketh, T. Zielinski, A. Proshutinsky, J. Goes, D. A. Seigel, P. Larouche, V. F. Radionov, P. Goloub, K. Krishnamoorthy, R. Matarrese, L. Robertson, and F. Jourdin, “Maritime aerosol network as a component of Aerosol Robotic Network,” J. Geophys. Res. 114, D06204 (2009). doi 10.1029/2008JD011257
S. M. Sakerin, N. I. Vlasov, D. M. Kabanov, K. E. Lubo-Lesnichenko, A. N. Prakhov, V. F. Radionov, Yu. S. Turchinovich, B. N. Holben, and A. Smirnov, “Results of spectral measurements of atmospheric aerosol optical depth with sun photometers in the 58th Russian Antarctic Expedition,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 27 (5), 393–402 (2014).
S. M. Sakerin, D. M. Kabanov, M. V. Panchenko, and V. V. Pol’kin, “Latitude behavior and interrelations among the aerosol properties in the atmosphere over South Atlantic,” Atmos. Oceana Opt. 19 (7), 547–556 (2006).
S. M. Sakerin, A. V. Smirnov, D. M. Kabanov, V. V. Pol’kin, B. N. Holben, M. V. Panchenko, and O. V. Kopelevich, “Aerosol optical and microphysical properties over the Atlantic Ocean during the 19th cruise of the research vessel “Akademik Sergey Vavilov”,” J. Geophys. Res. 112, D10220 (2007). doi 10.1029/ 2006JD007947
S. M. Sakerin, A. A. Bobrikov, O. A. Bukin, L. P. Golobokova, Vas. V. Polkin, Vik. V. Polkin, K. A. Shmirko, D. M. Kabanov, T. V. Khodzher, N. A. Onischuk, A. N. Pavlov, V. L. Potemkin, and V. F. Radionov, “On measurements of aerosol-gas composition of the atmosphere during two expeditions in 2013 along Northern Sea Route,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 (21), 12413–12443 (2015). doi.10.5194/acp-15-1-2015
K. D. Knobelspiesse, C. Pietras, G. S. Fargion, M. H. Wang, R. Frouin, M. A. Miller, S. Subramaniam, and W. M. Balch, “Maritime aerosol optical thickness measured by handheld sunphotometers,” Remote Sens. Environ., No. 93, 87–106 (2004).
V. S. Kozlov, E. P. Yausheva, S. A. Terpugova, M. V. Panchenko, D. G. Chernov, and V. P. Shmargunov, “Optical-microphysical properties of smoke haze from Siberian forest fires in summer 2012,” Int. J. Remote Sens. 35 (15), 5722–5741 (2014).
S. M. Sakerin, D. M. Kabanov, and V. V. Polkin, “Estimate of latitudinal and longitudinal boundaries of aerosol regions in the East Atlantic,” Proc. SPIE 10466, 10466–19 (2017).
D. M. Kabanov, S. K. Gulev, B. N. Holben, V. F. Radionov, S. M. Sakerin, and A. Smirnov, “Latitudinal distribution of the aerosol optical depth over oceans in southern hemisphere,” Proc. SPIE. 9292, 9292940 (2014).
J. G. Acker and G. Leptoukh, “Online analysis enhances use of NASA Earth Science Data,” Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union. 88, 14–17 (2007).
S. M. Cakerin and D. M. Kabanov, “Correlations between the parameters of Angström formula and aerosol optical thickness of the atmosphere in the wavelength range from 1 to 4 µm,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 20 (3), 200–206 (2007).
V. V. Pol’kin, D. M. Kabanov, S. M. Sakerin, and L. P. Golobokova, “Comparative studies of optical and microphysical characteristics and chemical composition of aerosol over water basin of Caspian sea in the 29th and 41st cruises of RV Rift,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 27 (1), 16–23 (2014).
S. M. Sakerin, L. P. Golobokova, D. M. Kabanov, V. V. Pol’kin, Yu. S. Turchinovich, T. V. Khodzher, and O. I. Khuriganova, “Spatiotemporal variations in aerosol characteristics along the route of the Indian-Atlantic Expedition onboard the research vessel “Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov”,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 30 (4), 349–359 (2017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © S.M. Sakerin, L.P. Golobokova, D.M. Kabanov, V.V. Pol’kin, V.F. Radionov, 2018, published in Optika Atmosfery i Okeana.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sakerin, S.M., Golobokova, L.P., Kabanov, D.M. et al. Zonal Distribution of Aerosol Physicochemical Characteristics in the Eastern Atlantic. Atmos Ocean Opt 31, 492–501 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1024856018050160
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1024856018050160