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A Rechargeable Aqueous Lithium Ion Battery with High Rate Capability Based on Metallic Cadmium and LiCoO2

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Abstract

An aqueous rechargeable lithium ion battery with metallic cadmium as the negative electrode, LiCoO2 nanoparticles as the positive electrode, and a neutral aqueous electrolyte solution of 0.5 M Li2SO4 and 10 mM Cd(Ac)2 is reported. It has good electrochemical performance. The calculated energy density based on the practically available capacity of the two electrodes is 72 W h kg–1; this is comparable to that of Ni–Cd batteries. The positive mercury electrode of the Weston cell is replaced by a LiCoO2 electrode, the negative cadmium amalgam by a plain cadmium metal electrode. Mercury is completely avoided. Compared with Ni–Cd batteries an alkaline electrolyte solution is not needed making the system more environment-friendly.

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Notes

  1. In the International Weston normal cell approx. 15 wt % cadmium in mercury and a cadmium sulphate-saturated electrolyte solution are used.

  2. The anodic current is not limited by diffusion, thus there are only peaks with both setups limited by the cathodic electrode process.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Preparation of this report has been supported in various ways by the Chinese Scholarship Council, Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. L. Mertens and M. Mehring furnished XRD data, S. Schulze supplied SEM measurements, their help is gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

Further support was provided by research grant no. 26455158 of St. Petersburg State University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technische Universität Chemnitz, Institut für Chemie, AG Elektrochemie, D-09107, Chemnitz, Germany

    Yu Liu, Suning Gao & Rudolf Holze

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, N2L3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

    Yu Liu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Energy Science and Technology and Institute of Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China

    Rudolf Holze

  4. Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Rudolf Holze

Authors
  1. Yu Liu
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  2. Suning Gao
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Correspondence to Rudolf Holze.

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HIGHLIGHTS

• An aqueous rechargeable Cd//LiCoO2 battery was assembled.

• A neutral electrolyte solution of 0.5 M Li2SO4 and 10 mM Cd(Ac)2 was used.

Additional information

This paper is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Professor V.V. Malev who has made a considerable contribution into modern directions of electrochemistry.

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Yu Liu, Gao, S. & Holze, R. A Rechargeable Aqueous Lithium Ion Battery with High Rate Capability Based on Metallic Cadmium and LiCoO2. Russ J Electrochem 55, 1068–1076 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193519110107

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193519110107

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