Abstract
Analysis of root growth parameters was carried out on the seedlings of 53 monocotyledonous and 78 dicotyledonous plant species. Daily increases of the root length, the root diameter, the length of the meristematic and elongation zones, the length and the number of cells in a cell file of the meristematical cortex cells, and the length of the fully elongated cells were measured during the steady-state growth. From these parameters, such indices as root growth rate, the relative rates of cell division and elongation, rates of the cell production and transition to elongation, duration of the cell cycle and elongation were derived. Plants from different families were found to have a clear resemblance in the parameters determining the root growth at a cellular level. In the examined species, the difference in the root growth rate depended mainly on the difference in the cell number in a cell file within the meristem and, to a lesser extent, on the length of the cells that had completed growth and on the cell cycle duration. The length of the meristem and the number of meristematic cells in a cell file strongly correlated with the root diameter, whereas the relative growth rate of the meristematic and elongating cells and the duration of the elongation growth had weak correlation with the root diameter.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Obroucheva, N.V., Determination of root cell division and elongation, Sov. Plant Physiol., 1964, vol. 11, p. 746.
Ivanov, V.B., Kletochnye osnovy rosta rastenii (Cellular Basis of Plant Growth), Moscow: Nauka, 1974.
Ivanov, V.B., Kletochnye osnovy rosta rastenii (Cellular Basis of Plant Growth), Moscow: Nauka, 2011.
Erickson, R.O. and Sax, K.B., Elemental growth rate of the primary root of Zea mays,Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1956a, vol. 100, p. 487.
Erickson, R.O. and Sax, K.B., Rates of cell division and cell elongation in the growth rate of the primary root of Zea mays,Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1956b, vol. 100, p. 499.
Avers, Ch.J., An analysis of differences in growth rate of trichoblasts and hairless cells in the root epidermis of Phleum pretense,Am. J. Bot., 1957, vol. 44, p. 686.
Goodwin, R.H. and Avers, C.J., Studies of roots. III. An analysis of root growth in Phleum pretense using photomicrographic records, Am. J. Bot., 1956, vol. 449, p. 1053.
Gray, L.H. and Scholes, M.E., The effects of ionizing radiations on the broad bean root. VIII. Growth rate studies and histological analysis, Br. J. Radiol., 1951, vol. 24, p. 348.
Rost, T.L. and Jones, T.J., Distribution and relationship of cell division and maturation events in Pisum sativu-m (Fabaceae) seedling root, Am. J. Bot., 1988, vol. 42, p. 529.
Hejnovicz, Z., Growth and cell division in the apical meristem of wheat roots, Physiol. Plant., 1959, vol. 12, p. 124.
Demchenko, N.P., Duration of mitotic cycle, its periods and mitosis in dermatogen cells and periblem of wheat roots, Tsitologiya, 1976, vol. 43, p. 16.
Beemster, G.T.S. and Baskin, T.I., STUNTED PLANT 1 mediates effects of cytokinin, but not auxin, on cell division and expansion in the root Arabidopsis,Plant Physiol., 2000, vol. 124, p. 1718.
Obroucheva, N.V., Physiology of growing root cells, in The Development and Function of Roots, London: Academic, 1975, p. 279.
Obroucheva, N.V., Fiziologiya rastushchikh kletok kornya (Physiology of Growing Root Cells), Moscow: Nauka, 1965.
Ivanov, V.B., Cell Proliferation in Plants, Itogi Nauki Tekhn., Ser. Tsitologiya, 1987, vol. 5.
Van’t Hof, J., Studies on the relationships between cell population and growth kinetics of root meristems, Exp. Cell Res., 1967, vol. 46, p. 335.
Gázquez A., and Beemster, G.T.S., What determines organ size differences between species? A meta-analysis of the cellular basis, New Phytol., 2017, vol. 215, p. 299.
Malamy, J.E. and Benfey, P.N., Organization and cell differentiation in lateral roots of Arabidopsis thaliana,Development, 1997, vol. 124, p. 33.
Ivanov, V.B. and Dubrovsky, J.G., Estimation of the cell-cycle duration in the root apical meristem: a model of linkage between cell-cycle duration, rate of cell production, and rate of root growth, Int. J. Plant Sci., 1997, vol. 158, p. 757.
Zhukovskaya, N.V., Bystrova, E.I., Dubrovsky, J.G., and Ivanov, V.B., Global analysis of an exponential model of cell proliferation for estimation of cell cycle duration in the root apical meristem of angiosperms, Ann. Bot., 2018, vol. 122, p. 811.
Grif, V.G., Ivanov, V.B., and Machs, E.M., Cell cycle and its parameters in flowering plants, Cytologia, 2002, vol. 44, p. 936.
Francis, D., Davies, M.S., and Barlow, P.W., A strong nucleotypic effect on the cell cycle regardless of ploidy level, Ann. Bot., 2008, vol. 101, p. 747.
Eskov, A.K., Zhukovskaya, N.V., Bystrova, E.I., Orlova, Yu.V., Antipina, V.A., and Ivanov, V.B., Growth of aerial roots with an extensive elongation zone by the example of a hemiepiphyte Monstera deliciosa,Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 2016, vol. 63, p. 822.
Silk, W.K., Quantitative descriptions of development, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 1984, vol. 35, p. 479.
Zhukovskaya, N.V., Bystrova, E.I., and Ivanov, V.B., Length of meristematic and fully elongated root cells related to haploid DNA content, Russ. J. Dev. Biol., 2016, vol. 47, p. 326.
Bystrova, E.I., Zhukovskaya, N.V., and Ivanov, V.B., Dependence of root cell growth and division on root diameter, Russ. J. Dev. Biol., 2018, vol. 49, p. 79.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Dr. N.V. Obroucheva for her assistance and valuable discussion of the results. We are also grateful to the institutions that provided the plant seeds for this research: Vavilov All-Russia Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, St. Petersburg, Russia; Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, Moscow, Russia; Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, Great Britain; Botanical Garden of the Bonn University, Bonn, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany, and the other institutions for their kind donations of seeds.
Funding
This work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-04-00918a and the Ministry of Science and education of the Russian Federation in the framework of state assignments (topic number AAAA-A19-119040290058-5).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest and contributed equally to the work. The article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Translated by A. Aver’yanov
Supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhukovskaya, N.V., Bystrova, E.I., Lunkova, N.F. et al. Root Growth at the Cellular Level in Plants of Different Species: Comparative Analysis. Russ J Plant Physiol 67, 618–625 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443720040214
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443720040214