Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Alkylation of Isobutane with Butylenes over a Zeolite Catalyst in a Slurry Bed Reactor

  • Published:
Petroleum Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The reaction of isobutane alkylation with butylenes in a laboratory slurry bed reactor over REE-Ca-HY zeolite catalyst was investigated. For optimizing the reaction conditions, the main independent reaction parameters were varied: feed (butylenes) space velocity, from 0.1 to 0.6 h–1, and temperature, from 40 to 90°C. The influence of the stirring speed of 100 to 2500 rpm on the flow motion and catalyst particles distribution in the laboratory reactor was examined using Solidworks Flow Simulation package. It was shown that, at isobutane to butylenes feed molar ratio of 10 : 1 and at feed supply time of 4 h, the optimal parameters are as follows: temperature 60°C, feed (butylenes) space velocity 0.16 h–1, and stirring speed 250 rpm. Under these conditions the butylenes conversion level is 99%, the alkylate yield, 100%, and the respective selectivities for TMP and DMH, 87.1 and 2.4 wt %. Comparison between the compositions of the alkylates obtained by different routes, including slurry bed reactor, catalytic fixed bed flow reactor, and sulfuric acid-catalyzed alkylation setup, was carried out.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Feller, A. and Lercher, J.A., Adv. Catal., 2004, vol. 48, pp. 229–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-0564(04)48003-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Degnan, T., Focus on Catalysts, 2016, vol. 4, no. 2016, pp. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focat.2016.03.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Khadzhiev, S.N., Petrol. Chem., 2011, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965544111010063

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Moroz, B.L., Bekk, I.I., and Prosvirin, I.P., Catal. Ind., 2009, no. 1, pp. 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1134/s20700504901003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Popov, Yu.V., Mokhov, V.M., Nebykov, D.N., and Budko, I.I., Izv. Volgograd. Gos. Tekh. Univ., 2014, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 5–44.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Somwanshi, S.B., Somvanshi, S.B., and Kharat, P.B., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2020, vol. 1644, p. 012046. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1644/1/012046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bahuguna, A., Kumar, A., and Krishnan, V., Asian J. Org. Chem., 2019, vol. 8, pp. 1263–1305. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.201900259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Rodionova, L.I., Knyazeva, E.E., Konnov, S.V., and Ivanova, I.I., Petrol. Chem., 2019, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 455–470. https://doi.org/10.1134/s096554411904013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhang, H., Xu, J., Tang, H., Yang, Z., Liu, R., and Zhang, S., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2019, vol. 58, no. 22, pp. 9690–9700. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01638

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Schüßler, F., Schallmoser, S., Shi, H., Haller, G.L., Ember, E., and Lercher, J.A., ACS Catal., 2014, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1743–1752. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500200k

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sekine, Y., Ichikawa, Y.-S., Tajima, Y., Nakabayashi, K., Matsukata, M., and Kikuchi, E., J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst., 2012, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 299–307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Platon, A. and Thomson, W.J., Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 2005, vol. 282, nos. 1–2, pp. 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2004.12.005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Feller, A., Guzman, A., Zuazo, I., and Lercher, J.A., J. Catal., 2004, vol. 224, pp. 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2004.02.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sarsani, V.R. and Subramaniam, B., Green Chem., 2009, vol. 11, pp. 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1039/b808418a

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ro, Y., Gim, M.Y., Lee, J.W., Lee, E.J., and Song, I.K., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2018, vol. 18, pp. 6547–6551. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2018.15665

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Yang, Z., Zhang, R., Dai, F., Tang, H., Liu, R., and Zhang, S., Energy Fuels, 2020, vol. 34, pp. 9426–9435. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01388

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mostad, H.B., Stöcker, M., Karlsson, A., and Rørvik, T., Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 1996, vol. 144, pp. 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-860X(96)00113-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Stöcker, M., Mostad, H., Karlsson, A., Junggreen, H., and Hustad, B., Catal. Lett., 1996, vol. 40, pp. 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00807457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Don, T.N., Hung, T.N., Huyen, P.T., Bai, T.X., Huong, H.T.T., Linh, N.T., Van Duong, L., and Pham, M.H., Indian J. Chem. Technol., 2016, vol. 23, pp. 392–399.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Konnov, S.V., Pavlov, V.S., Ivanova, I.I., and Khadzhiev, S.N., Petrol. Chem., 2016, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 1154–1159. https://doi.org/10.1134/s096554411612007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rørvik, T., Mostad, H., Ellestad, O.H., and Stöcker, M., Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 1996, vol. 137, pp. 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(97)00041-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Konnov, S.V., Pavlov, V.S., Kots, P.A., Zaytsev, V.B., and Ivanova, I.I., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2018, vol. 8, pp. 1564–1577. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cy02045g

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Cui, J., De With, J., Klusener, P.A.A., Su, X., Meng, X., Zhang, R., Liu, Z., Xu, C., and Liu, H., J. Catal., 2014, vol. 320, pp. 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2014.09.004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Zheng, W., Li, D., Sun, W., and Zhao, L., Chem. Eng. Sci., 2018, vol. 186, pp. 209–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.04.043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu, S., Chen, C., Yu, F., Li, L., Liu, Z., Yu, S., Xie, C., and Liu, F., Fuel, 2015, vol. 159, pp. 803–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.053

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Huang, C.P., Liu, Z.C., Xu, C.M., Chen, B.H., and Liu, Y.F., Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 2004, vol. 277, pp. 41–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2004.08.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Khadzhiev, S.N. and Gerzeliev, I.M., RF Patent 2445164, Byull. Izobret., 2012, no. 8.

  28. Khadzhiev, S.N., Gerzeliev, I.M., Vedernikov, O.S., Kleimenov, A.V., Kondrashev, D.O., Oknina, N.V., Kuznetsov, S.E., Saitov, Z.A., and Baskhanova, M.N., Catal. Ind., 2017, vol. 9, pp. 198–203. https://doi.org/10.1134/s207005041703005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Gerzeliev, I.M., Temnikova, V.A., Saitov, Z.A., and Maximov, A.L., Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 2020, vol. 93, no. 10, pp. 1586–1595. https://doi.org/10.1134/S107042722010146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Gerzeliev, I.M., Temnikova, V.A., Baskhanova, M.N., and Maksimov, A.L., Petrol. Chem., 2019, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 1213–1219. https://doi.org/10.1134/s096554411911002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Saitov, Z.A., Baskhanova, M.N., Mikryukova, V.A., and Gerzeliev, I.M., Abstracts of Papers, XI Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya molodykh uchenykh po neftekhimii pamyati akademika V.M. Gryaznova (XI Int. Conf. of Young Scientists on Petrochemistry in the Memory of Academician V.M. Gryaznov), Zvenigorod, 2014, p. 158.

  32. Voitovich, R., Lipin, A.A., and Lipin, A.G., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 2015, vol. 58, pp. 83–86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Voronenko, B.A. and Orlov, P.V., Prots. Appar. Pishch. Proizv., 2007, vol. 1, pp. 40–42.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Levich, V.G. and Kuchanov, S.I., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1967, vol. 174, pp. 763–766.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Delacroix, B., Rastoueix, J., Fradette, L., Bertrand, F., and Blais, B., Chem. Eng. Sci., 2021, vol. 230, p. 116137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.116137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gazizullin, N.A., Vestn. Samar. Gos. Tekh. Univ., 2014, vol. 22, pp. 146–154.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Blais, B., Lassaigne, M., Goniva, C., Fradette, L., and Bertrand, F., J. Comput. Phys., 2016, vol. 318, pp. 201–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2016.05.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kharlamov, S.N., Silʹvestrov, S.I., Zaikovskii, V.V., and Nikolaev, E.V., Vestn. Ross. Akad. Estestv. Nauk, 2017, vol. 20, pp. 67–89.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Zakgeim, A.Yu., Vvedenie v modelirovanie khimiko-tekhnologicheskikh protsessov (Introduction to Modeling of Chemicotechnological Processes), 2nd ed., Moscow: Khimiya, 1982.

  40. Planovskii, A.N., Ramm, V.M., and Kagan, S.Z., Protsessy i apparaty khimicheskoi tekhnologii (Processes and Apparatuses of Chemical Technology), 2nd ed., Moscow: Goskhimizdat, 1962.

  41. Perry, J.H., Chemical Engineer’s Handbook, 4th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690100303

  42. Luo, X., Yu, J., Wang, B., and Wang, J., Processes, 2021, vol. 9, p. 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Falleiro, L.H. and Ashraf Ali, B., Chem. Eng. Commun., 2021, vol. 208, pp. 883–892. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2019.1694919

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Delacroix, B., Fradette, L., Bertrand, F., and Blais, B., AIChE J., 2021, p. e17360. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.17360

  45. Yamamoto, T., Fang, Y., and Komarov, S.V., Chem. Eng. J., 2019, vol. 367, pp. 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Blais, B., Bertrand, O., Fradette, L., and Bertrand, F., Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 2017, vol. 123, pp. 388–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2017.05.021

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Sengar, A., Van Santen, R.A., and Kuipers, J.A.M., ACS Catal., 2020, vol. 10, pp. 6988–7006. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c00932

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Schüßler, F., Pidko, E.A., Kolvenbach, R., Sievers, C., Hensen, E.J.M., Van Santen, R.A., and Lercher, J.A., J. Phys. Chem., C, 2011, vol. 115, pp. 21763–21776. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp205771e

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Guzman, A., Zuazo, I., Feller, A., Olindo, R., Sievers, C., and Lercher, J.A., Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2005, vol. 83, pp. 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2005.04.024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sladkovskiy, D.A., Semikin, K.V., Utemov, A.V., Fedorov, S.P., Sladkovskaya, E.V., Kuzichkin, N.V., Aho, A., and Murzin, D.Y., Rev. J. Chem., 2020, vol. 10, pp. 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079978020010045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was performed using the equipment of the Shared Research Center “Analytical center of deep oil processing and petrochemistry of TIPS RAS.”

The authors are grateful to colleagues from Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, for assistance in data acquisition and processing to G.N. Bondarenko in the IR spectroscopic study, to G.A. Shandryuk in the thermal stability and the organic components content analysis, and to I.I. Sergeev in the hydrodynamics simulation of the slurry bed reactor used in isobutane alkylation with butylenes.

Funding

This work was carried out within the State Program of TIPS RAS.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    I. M. Gerzeliev, V. A. Temnikova & A. L. Maximov

Authors
  1. I. M. Gerzeliev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. A. Temnikova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. L. Maximov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. M. Gerzeliev.

Ethics declarations

A.L. Maximov, a co-author, is an Editorial Board member at the “Advanced Molecular Sieves” Journal. I.M. Gerzeliev, a co-author, is an Editorial Board member at the “Advanced Molecular Sieves” Journal. The other co-authors declare no conflict of interest requiring disclosure in this article.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gerzeliev, I.M., Temnikova, V.A. & Maximov, A.L. Alkylation of Isobutane with Butylenes over a Zeolite Catalyst in a Slurry Bed Reactor. Pet. Chem. 62, 870–878 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S096554412207009X

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S096554412207009X

Keywords:

Search

Navigation