Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A review on the effects of different parameters on contact heat transfer

  • Published:
Thermophysics and Aeromechanics Aims and scope

Abstract

In this paper, a complete literature review for thermal contact between fixed and periodic contacting surfaces and also thermal contact between exhaust valve and its seat in internal combustion engines is presented. Furthermore, the effects of some parameters such as contact pressure, contact frequency, the contacting surfaces topography and roughness, curvature radius of surfaces, loading–unloading cycles, gas gap conductance and properties, interface interstitial material properties, surfaces coatings and surfaces temperature on thermal contact conductance are investigated according to the papers presented in this field. The reviewed papers and studies included theoretical/ analytical/experimental and numerical studies on thermal contact conductance. In studying the thermal contact between exhaust valve and its seat, most of the experimental studies include two axial rods as the exhaust valve, and seat and the one ends of both rods are considered at constant and different temperatures. In the experimental methods, the temperatures of multi-points on rods are measured in different conditions, and thermal contact conductance is estimated using them.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • G.H. Ayers 2003. Cylindrical thermal contact conductance, M.S Dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Bahrami, J.R. Culham, M.M. Yovanovich, and G.E. Schneider 2004. Thermal contact resistance of nonconforming rough surfaces. Part 2: Thermal model, J. Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 18, No. 2. P. 218–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Berman 1956. Some experiments on thermal contact at low temperatures, J. App. Phys., Vol. 27, Iss. 4. P. 318–323.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Berman and C.F. Mate 1958. Thermal contact at low temperatures, Nature, Vol. 182, P. 1661–1663.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Y.A. Cengel and R.H. Turner, 2001. Fundamentals of Thermal-fluid Sciences, Int. Edition. McGraw-Hill, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • T.N. Cetinkale and M. Fishenden 1951. Thermal conductance of metal surfaces in Contact, Proc. General Discussion on Heat Transfer. Inst. Mechanical Engineers and ASME, London, P. 271–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • T.C. Chen and P.C. Tuan 2002. Inverse problem of estimating interface conductance between periodically contacting surfaces using the weighting input estimation method, Numerical Heat Transfer. Part B: Fundamentals, Vol. 41, P. 477–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.H. Chow, Z.W. Zhong, W. Lin, and L.P. Khoo 2012. An investigation of thermal contact conductance using the lumped parameter method, Int. J. Thermal Sci., Vol. 60, P. 114–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Cooper, B.B. Mikic, and M.M. Yovanovich 1969. Thermal contact conductance, J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 12. P. 279–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K.A. Corbett, A. Sawada, and E.N. Smith 1994. Thermal and electrical conductance across copper joints below 100 mK, Physica B, Vol. 194–196, P. 1211–1212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Cowart and W. Cheng 1999. Intake valve thermal behavior during steady-state and transient engine operation, SAE Technical Paper No. 1999-01-3643.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Cuicui, Z. Hua, and J. Wei 2013. Fractal prediction model of thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces, Chinese J. Mech. Engng, Vol. 26, No. 1, P. 128–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Deutsch 1979. Thermal conductance in screw-fastened joints at helium temperatures, Cryogenics, Vol. 19, No. 5, P. 273–274.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • I. Didschuns, A.L. Woodcraft, D. Bintley, and P.C. Hargrave 2004. Thermal conductance measurements of bolted copper to copper joints at sub-Kelvin temperatures, Cryogenics, Vol. 44, No. 5, P. 293–299.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • C. Ding and R. Wang, 2012. Thermal conductance of stainless steel-GFRP interface under vacuum environment, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Sci., Vol. 42, P. 1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. Dongmei, C. Huanxin, and T. Ye 2012. Influences of temperature and contact pressure on thermal contact resistance at interfaces at cryogenic temperatures, Cryogenics, Vol. 52, P. 403–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Fan and J.R. Barber 2002. Solution of periodic heating problems by the transfer matrix method, Elsevier Sci., P. 1155–1158.

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Fieberg and R. Kneer 2008. Determination of thermal contact resistance from transient temperature measurements, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 51, P. 1017–1023.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • G.P. Flach and M.N. Ozisik 1988. Inverse heat conduction problem of periodically contacting surfaces, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 110, P. 821–829.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L.S. Fletcher 1988. Recent developments in contact conductance heat transfer, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 110, No. 4 b, P. 1059–1070.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.E. Garnier and S. Begej 1979. Ex-reactor determination of thermal gap and contact conductance between uranium dioxide: zircaloy-4 interfaces. Stage I: Low gas pressure, Nuclear Regulatory Commission Rept., Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Goudarzi, A. Moosaei, and M. Gharaati 2015. Applying artificial neural networks (ANN) to the estimation of thermal contact conductance in the exhaust valve of internal combustion engine, Appl. Thermal Engng, Vol. 87, P. 688–697.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Goudarzi, M.H. Shojaeefard, and M. Fazelpour 2008. Effect of contact pressure and frequency on contact heat transfer between exhaust valve and its seat, Archive of SID, Vol. 21, No. 4, P. 401–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • J.R. Howard 1975. An experimental study of heat transfer through periodically contacting surfaces, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 9, P. 367–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • J.R. Howard and A.E. Sutton 1970. An analogue study of heat transfer through periodically contacting surfaces, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 13, P. 173–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.R. Howard and A.E. Sutton 1973. The effect of thermal contact resistance on heat transfer between periodically contacting surfaces, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 95, No. 3, P. 411–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C.H. Huang and T.M. Ju 1993. Inverse problem of determining the periodic thermal contact conductance between exhaust valve and seat in an internal combustion engine, National Heat Transfer Conf., 345 E. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Karimi, X. Li, and P. Teerstra 2010. Measurement of through-plane effective thermal conductivity and contact resistance in PEM fuel cell diffusion media, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 55, P. 1619–1625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. Keshirsagar, J. Nagaraju, and M.V. Krishna-Murthy 2003. Thermal contact conductance of silicon nitridecoated OFHC copper contacts, Experimental Heat Transfer, Vol. 16, P. 273–279.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Khandelwal and M.M. Mench 2006. Direct measurement of through-plane thermal conductivity and contact resistance in fuel cell materials, J. Power Sources, Vol. 161, P. 1106–1115.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.M. Khounsary, D. Chojnowski, and L. Assoufid 2008. Thermal contact resistance across a copper-silicon interface, SPIE, Vol. 3151. P. 45–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.A. Lambert and L.S. Fletcher 1993. Review of the thermal contact conductance of junctions with metallic coatings and films, J. Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 7, No. 4, P. 6–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K.M. Lau and J.W. Zimmermann 1979. Screw-fastened joints for thermal contact at low temperatures, Rev. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 50, P. 254–258.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Liu, H. Feng, X. Luo, R. Hu, and S. Liu 2010. A simple setup contact resistance between interfaces of two contacted solid materials, in: 11th Int. Conf. Electronic Pakaging Technology & High Density Pakaging.

    Google Scholar 

  • D.H. Liu and X.C. Shang 2013. The physical-mechanism based high-temperature thermal contact conductance model with experimental verification, Chin. Phys. Lett., Vol. 30, No. 3, P. 036501.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • W.R. Lloyd, D.P. Wilkins, and P.R. Hill 1973. Heat transfer in multicomponent monoatomic gases in the low, intermediate and high pressure regime, in: Proc. Nuclear Thermionics Conf.

    Google Scholar 

  • X. Luo, H. Feng, J. Liu, M.L. Liu, and S. Liu 2011. An experimental investigation on thermal contact resistance across metal contact interfaces, in: Int. Conf. on Electronic Packaging Technology & High Density Packaging, P. 733–738.

    Google Scholar 

  • S.K. Loyalka 1982. A model for gap conductance in nuclear fuel rods, Nuclear Technology, Vol. 57, No. 2, P. 220–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C.V. Madhusudana and L.S. Fletcher 1985. Contact heat transfer — the last decade, AIAA J., Vol. 24, No. 3, P. 510–523.

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • M. Manninen and J.W. Zimmermann 1977. On the use of screw-fastened joints for thermal contact at low temperatures, Rev. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 48, P. 1710–1711.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • B.B. Mikic 1971. Analytical studies of contact of nominally flat surfaces: effect of previous loading, J. Lubrication Technology, P. 451–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Mikic 1974. Thermal contact conductance; theoretical consideration, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 17, No. 2, P. 205–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • F.H. Milanez, M.M. Yovanovich, and J.R. Culham 2003. Effect of surface asperity truncation on thermal contact conductance, IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, Vol. 26, No. 1, P. 48–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • F. Milanez, M.M. Yovanovich, and M.B.H. Mantelli 2003. Thermal contact conductance at low contact pressures, American Inst. Aeronautics Astronautics, P. 23–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Misra and J. Nagaraju 2010. Thermal gap conductance at low contact pressures: effect of gold plating and plating thickness, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, P. 5373–5379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W.M. Moses and N.C. Dodd 1990. Heat transfer across aluminum/steel surfaces in periodic contact, J. Thermophys., Vol. 4, No. 3, P. 396–399.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • W.M. Moses and R.R. Johnson 1988. Experimental study of the transient heat transfer across periodically contacting surfaces, J. Thermophysics, Vol. 2, No. 1, P. 37–42.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • W.M. Moses and R.R. Johnson 1989. Experimental results for the quasi-steady heat transfer through periodically contacting surfaces, J. Thermophis. and Heat Transfer, Vol. 3, No. 4, P. 474–476.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • V.B. Mykhaylyk, M. Burt, C. Ursachi, and A. Wagner 2012. Thermal contact conductance of demountable in vacuum copper-copper joint between 14 and 100 k, Amer. Inst. Phys., P. 034902-1–034902-6。

    Google Scholar 

  • M.M. Nezhad, M.H. Shojaeefard, and S. Shahraki 2016. Studying the transient thermal contact conductance between the exhaust valve and its seat using the inverse method, Int. J. Thermophys., Vol. 37, No. 2, P. 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R.W. Nichols, B.W. Ramsey, E.E. Marotta, and J.R. Wagner 2000. Thermal periodic contact of exhaust valves in spark ignition internal combustion engines for improved control performance, in: 38th Aerospace Sci. Meeting and Exhibit.

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Nitta, O. Himanen, and M. Mikkpla 2008. Thermal conductivity and contact resistance of compressed gas diffusion layer of PEM fuel cell, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., P. 111–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • H.R.B. Orlande and M.N. Ozisik 1993. Inverse problem of estimating interface conductance between periodically contacting surfaces, J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer, Vol. 7, No. 2, P. 319–325.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.N. Ozisik and H.R.B. Orlande 2000. Inverse Heat Transfer: Fundamental and Applications, Taylor & Francis, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Paggi and J.R. Barber 2011. Contact conductance of rough surfaces composed of modified RMD patches, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 54, P. 4664–4672.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • I. Paradis, E.E. Marotta, and J.R. Wagner 2002. Thermal periodic contact of exhaust valves in spark ignition aircooled engines, J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer, Vol. 16, No. 3, P. 356–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • F. Pobell 1992. Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures, Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • V. M. Popov, A. D. Chernyshov, and A. A. Karpov, 2008. Contact heat conduction through periodically contacting rods, J. Engng Phys. Thermophys., Vol. 81, No. 5, P. 1021–1032.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • V.V. Rao, M.V. Krishna-Murthy, and J. Nagaraju 2004. Thermal conductivity and thermal contact conductance studies on Al2O3 /Al–AlN metal matrix composite, Composites Sci. and Technol., Vol. 64, No. 16, P. 2459–2462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A.C. Rapier, T.M. Jones, and J.E. McIntosh 1963. The thermal conductance of uranium dioxide/stainless steel interfaces, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 6, No. 5, P. 397–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Rosochowska, K. Chodnikiewicz, and R. Balendra 2004. A new method of measuring thermal contact conductance, J. Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 145, P. 207–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E. Sadeghi, N. Djilali, and M. Bahrami 2001. Effective thermal conductivity and thermal contact resistance of gas diffusion layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, J. Power Sources, Vol. 196, P. 246–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Sadowski and S. Stupkiewicz 2010. A model of thermal contact conductance at high real contact area fractions, Wear., Vol. 268, P. 77–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • I. Savija, J.R. Culham, M.M. Yovanovich, and E.E. Marotta 2003. Review of thermal conductance models for joints incorporating enhancement materials, J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer, Vol. 17, No. 1, P. 34–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • I. Savija, M.M. Yovanovich, J.R. Culham, and E.E. Marotta 2003. Thermal joint resistance of conforming rough surfaces with grease-filled interstitial gaps, J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer, Vol. 17, No. 2, P. 278–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Y.P. Shlykov 1965. Calculating thermal contact resistance of machined metal surfaces, Teploenergrtika, Vol. 12, No. 10, P. 79–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.H. Shojaeefard, K. Goudarzi, and M.S. Mazidi 2009. Inverse heat transfer problem of thermal contact conductance estimation in periodically contacting surfaces, J. Thermal Sci., Vol. 18, No. 2, P. 150–159.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.H. Shojaeefard, V. Mousapour, and M. Mazidi 2015. The investigation of the valve spring stiffness influence on the thermal contact conductance between the exhaust valve and its seat, J. Heat Transfer Engng, Vol. 36, No. 1, P. 58–67.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shojaeefard M.H., Mazidi M.S., Mousapour V.K. 2013. The estimation of time-varying thermal contact conductnce between two fix contacting surfaces // Mechanica. Vol. 19, No. 2. P. 167–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.H. Shojaeefard, A.R. Noorpoor, D.A. Bozchaloe, and M. Ghaffarpour 2005. Transient thermal analysis of engine exhaust valve, Int. J. Numerical Heat Transfer, Vol. 48, P. 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.H. Shojaefard, M. Ghaffarpour, and A.R. Noorpoor 2008. Thermal contact analysis using identification method, Heat Transfer Engng, Vol. 29, P. 85–96.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.H. Shojaefard, A.R. Noorpoor, M. Ghaffarpour, and F. Mohammadi 2008. Analysis heat flow between seat and valve of ICE, Amer. J. Appl. Sci., Vol. 4, No. 9, P. 700–708.

    Google Scholar 

  • V. Singhal, P.J. Litke, A.F. Black, and S.V. Garimella 2005. An experimentally validated thermo-mechanical model for the prediction of thermal contact conductance, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, P. 5446–5459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Song, M. Yovanovich, and K. Nho 1989. Thermal gap conductance-effect of gas pressure and mechanical load, in: 27th Aerospace Sci. Meeting. Aerospace Sci. Meetings.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.R. Sridhar and M.M. Yovanovich 1994. Review of elastic and plastic contact conductance models: comparison with experiment, J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer, Vol. 8, No. 4, P. 633–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. St-Georges, L.I. Kiss, and M. Rouleau 2009. Evaluation of contact pressure in electrodes of hall-heroult process, Light Metals, P. 1103–1108.

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Takahashi and S. Fujiwara 2001. Transient characteristics of thermal contact conductance between isotropic rough surfaces of metals, Heat Transfer—Asian Research, Vol. 30, No. 4, P. 341–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T.N. Veziroglu 1967. Correlation of thermal contact conductance experimental results, AIAA Paper, P. 67–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • S.M.S. Wahid and C.V. Madhusudana 2000. Gap conductance in contact heat transfer, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 43, No. 24, P. 4483–4487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Wang and A. Degiovanni 2002. Heat transfer through periodic macro-contact with constriction, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 45, P. 2177–2190.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • J. Wang, H. Wang, and H. Zhuang 2006. Thermal contact conductance of ceramic AlN and oxygen-free highconductivity copper interfaces under low temperature and vacuum for high-temperature superconducting cryocooler cooling, Rev. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 77, P. 024901.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.L. Woodcraft 2001. Comment on thermal boundary resistance of mechanical contacts between solids at subambient temperatures, J. Phys, D: App. Phys., Vol. 34, No. 18, P. 2932–2934.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Xiao, H. Sun, L. Xu, H. Feng, and H. Zhu 2004. Thermal contact conductance between solid interfaces under low temperature and vacuum, Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, No. 9, P. 3074–3076.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Xu, H. Feng, L. Zhao, and L. Xu 2006. Experimental investigation of thermal contact conductance at low temperature based on fractal description, Int. Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, P. 811–818.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Xu and L. Xu 2005. An experimental investigation of thermal contact conductance of stainless steel at low temperatures, Cryogenics, Vol. 45, P. 694–704.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • C.L. Yeh, C.Y. Wen, Y.F. Chen, S.H. Yeh, and C.H. Wu 2001. An experimental investigation of thermal contact conductance across bolted joints, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Sci., Vol. 25, P. 349–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M.M. Yovanovich 2005. Four decades of research on thermal contact, gap, and joint resistance in microelectronics, IEEE Trans. Components and Packaging Technologies, Vol. 28, No. 2, P. 182–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M.M. Yovanovich, J.W. DeVaal, and A.A. Hegazy 1982. A statistical model to predict thermal gap conductance between conforming rough surfaces, AIAA Paper No. 82–0888.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Yuncu 2006. Thermal contact conductance of nominally flat surfaces, Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 43, P. 1–5.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.F. Zhao, A.L. Wang, and C.X. Yang 2005. Prediction of thermal contact conductance based on the statistics of the roughness profile characteristics, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, P. 974–985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

    H. Abdollahi & S. Shahraki

  2. Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    M. Motahari-Nezhad

Authors
  1. H. Abdollahi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Shahraki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Motahari-Nezhad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Shahraki.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abdollahi, H., Shahraki, S. & Motahari-Nezhad, M. A review on the effects of different parameters on contact heat transfer. Thermophys. Aeromech. 24, 499–512 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869864317040011

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869864317040011

Key words

Search

Navigation