Abstract
The heart rate (HR) response to specific physical exercise (ten squats at a maximum speed) in 122 boys and 128 girls who were 4–7 years of age and attended a kindergarten. All children were assigned to health groups 1 or 2. The heart rate was recorded at rest, during exercise, and in a recovery period (5 min) with Polar heart monitors. The intensity of HR debt accumulation (IHRDA) was calculated for each subject from the test results. There was no significant difference in physiological reactions between girls and boys. The exercise duration decreased with age, reflecting more intense test performance. IHRDA, which characterized the specific energy consumption, increased accordingly. A negative pulse phase was observed in some children during the recovery period. An analysis of individual pulse curves identified three variants of the HR response during exercise and the recovery period. The response type was not associated with sex, age, or anthropometric characteristics, but determined the final IHRDA value. Pairwise correlations were observed between anthropometric and functional parameters in the children 4 to 7 years of age. In general, the findings indicate that an individualized approach is important to use when planning physical activity and evaluating the efficiency of physical education in preschool children.
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Funding
This work was supported by a state assignment from the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation to the Institute of Developmental Physiology (Moscow) for the period from 2019 to 2022, the program “Functional Development (Cognitive, Emotional, and Physical Development and Health) in Children of a Preschool Age (3–7 Years)” (project “Energy-related and Vegetative Characteristics in Preschool Children”).
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Statement of compliance with standards of research involving humans as subjects. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments and were approved by the Local Ethics Committee at the Institute of Developmental Physiology (Moscow). Informed consent was obtained from parents or legal representatives of all individual participants involved in the study. The study was approved by the administrations of the respective preschool organizations.
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Translated by T. Tkacheva
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Vasilyeva, R.M., Parfenteva, O.I., Orlova, N.I. et al. Heart Rate Responses to Dosed Physical Load in Preschool Children. Hum Physiol 48, 708–716 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119722600461
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119722600461