Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop some approaches to the substantiation of individual selection criteria for different types of physical training based on the individual chemoreflex responsiveness of the cardiopulmonary system. With this purpose, ventilatory and cardiac responses were studied in groups of young healthy men exposed to increasing inhalation-related hypoxia and hypercapnia. It has been shown that hypoxia induces a predominantly cardiac response, whereas hypercapnia, a predominantly ventilatory response. Based on these predominant chemoreflex responses (of the breathing system to hypercarbia and the cardiac function to hypoxemia), we identified four types of responsiveness in the components of the cardio-pulmonary system: weak for both components (type 1), weak for the cardiac response and strong for breathing (type 2), strong for the cardiac response and weak for breathing (type 3), strong for both components (type 4). The statistical analysis has shown that the types of responsiveness are specific for particular kinds of physical training: type 1, for swimming exercises; types 2 and 3, for skiing races; and type 4, for exercises in boxing, weightlifting, and wrestling. A regression dependence has been found in skiers between an increase in the cardiac responsiveness to hypoxemia and a decrease in the responsiveness of pulmonary ventilation to hypercarbia and a simultaneous increase in oxygen consumption per unit weight. High-class skiers are characterized by a balance between the respiratory and cardiovascular chemoreflex responses. It has been shown that physically untrained subjects are characterized by a pronounced interindividual variability in the cardiopulmonary system’s chemoreflex responses, which can be useful for individualized recommendations in further specialization of sport activities.
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Original Russian Text © V.E. Divert, S.G. Krivoshchekov, S.N. Vodyanitsky, 2015, published in Fiziologiya Cheloveka, 2015, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 64–73.
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Divert, V.E., Krivoshchekov, S.G. & Vodyanitsky, S.N. Individual-typological assessment of cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in young healthy men. Hum Physiol 41, 166–174 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S036211971502005X
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S036211971502005X