Abstract
The study is focused on variations of air temperature in the basin of the Volga reservoirs, the total inflow into the water bodies, their water exchange, water level and temperature, and the heat content of water mass in open-water period under various climate conditions. The object of the analysis is the long-term series of hydrometeorological data processed by statistical methods. It is shown that the present-day air temperature has increased by 1.3‒1.8°C compared with the period before 1976. The rate of warming was on the average 0.50°C/10 years. The volume of annual inflow increased by 12.4%. Three low-water and 4 high-water phases were identified in the reservoirs of the Upper Volga, including 29–31 low-water, 25–31 high-water, and 8–16 medium-water years. During the low-water phases, the volume of inflow into the reservoirs is 10–28% less than the long-term average, while in high-water years, it is 4–20% higher. The coefficient of water exchange in the reservoirs decreased or increased by 5–13% relative to the values obtained earlier. An increase in the winter and a decrease in the spring inflow were recorded in the reservoirs of the Upper Volga and in the Kuibyshev Reservoir. A tendency toward an increase in the normal annual water level was observed in the reservoirs in the upper part of the Volga and in the Kuibyshev Reservoir, while in the lower Volga, the normal annual level somewhat decreased. In low-water phases, the reservoir levels were on the average 17 cm below and in the high-water phases, 10 cm above the normal annual value. An increase in air temperature during the warm season in the reservoir water areas, on the average by 1.2°C, led to a synchronous increase in the temperature of the water mass by 1.1°C. At the same time, the heat content of the water mass of the reservoirs increased, on the average, by 24% in the upper part of the Volga and by as little as 2–11% in its lower part.
We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.
Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.
REFERENCES
Vtoroi otsenochnyi doklad Rosgidrometa ob izmeneniyakh klimata i ikh posledstviyakh na territorii Rossiiskoi Federatsii: obshchee rezyume (Second Roshydromet Estimation Report on Climate Changes and Their Effect in Russian Federation Territory: A Summary), Moscow: Rosgidromet, 2014.
Georgiadi, A.G., Milyukova, I.P., and Kashutina, E.A., Hydrological changes in regions in Russian Plain in warm epochs of the geological past and scenario future, Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geograf.i, 2018, no. 5. pp. 70–80. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2587556618050060
Gidroekologicheskii rezhim vodokhranilishch Podmoskov’ya (nablyudeniya, diagnoz, prognoz) (Hydroecological Regime of Reservoirs in Moscow Region: Observations, Diagnosis, Forecast), K.K. Edel’shtein, Ed., Moscow: Pero, 2015.
Global climate in 2001–2010. A decade of extreme climate phenomena, Izmen. Klim., Inform. Byul., 2014, no. 47, pp. 9–10.
Gorbarenko, A.V., Varentsova, N.A., and Kireeva, M.B., Transformation of the flow of spring flood and freshets in the Upper Volga Basin under the effect of climate changes, Vod. Khoz. Rossii: Probl., Tekhnol., Upravl., 2021, no. 4, pp. 6–28. https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2021-4-1
Grechushnikova, M.G., The results of the numerical simulation of regime variations in the Mozhaisk and Istra reservoirs for the A2 Scenario of Global Warming, Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., 2014, no. 3, pp. 185–202.
Grechushnikova, M.G. and Edel’shtein, K.K., Possible changes in Rybinsk Reservoir hydrological regime under climate warming, Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 5, Geogr., 2012, no. 6, pp. 61–67.
Doklad ob osobennostyakh klimata na territorii Rossiiskoi Federatsii za 2020 god (Report on the Features of Climate in Russian Federation Territory over 2020), Moscow: Rosgidromet, 2021.
Evstigneev, V.M., Kislov, A.V., and Sidorova, M.V., Effect of climate changes on the annual river runoff in the East European Plain in the XXI century, Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 5, Geogr., 2010, no. 2, pp. 3–10.
Zakonnova, A.V., Climate changes in the thermal regime of the Rybinsk Reservoir, Tr. Inst. Biol. Vnutr. Vod RAN, 2021, iss. 94, no. 97, pp. 7–16. https://doi.org/10.47021/0320-3557-2021-94-7-16
Kashutina, E.A., Yasinskii, S.V., and Koronkevich, N.I., Spring surface overland flow in the Russian Plain in years with different water abundance, Izv. RAN. Ser. Geogr., 2020, no. 1, pp. 37–46. https://doi.org/10.31857/S2587556620010100
Kuzin, P.S., Tsiklicheskie kolebaniya stoka rek severnogo polushariya (Cyclic Variations of River Runoff in the Northern Hemisphere), Lelingrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1970.
Litvinov, A.S., Gidrologicheskie protsessy i ekologicheskie usloviya v vodokhranilishchakh (Hydrological Processes and Environmental Conditions in Reservoirs), Mauritius: LAP, 2018.
Litvinov, A.S. and Roshchupko, V.F., Thermal characteristic of Volga Chain Reservoirs, Formirovanie i dinamika polei gidrologicheskikh i gidrokhimicheskikh kharakteristik vo vnutrennikh vodoemakh i ikh modelirovanie (The Formation and Dynamics of Fields of Hydrological and Hydrochemical Characteristics in Inland Water Bodies and Their Simulation), SPb.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1993, pp. 3–24.
Nauchno-prikladnoi spravochnik: Mnogoletnie kharakteristiki pritoka vody v krupneishie vodokhranilishcha RF (Scientific-Applied Reference Book: Long-Term Characteristics of Water Flow in Largest RF Reservoirs), (Electronic Resource), Georgievskii, V.Yu, Ed., Moscow: Ofort, 2017.
Nauchno-prikladnoi spravochnik: Mnogoletnie kolebaniya i izmenchivost’ vodnykh resursov i osnovnykh kharakteristik stoka rek Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Scientific-Applied Reference Book: Long-Term Variations and Variability of Water Resources and the Main Characteristics of River Runoff in the Russian Federation), St. Petersburg: RIAL, 2021.
Nesterov, E.S., Severoatlanticheskoe kolebanie: atmosfera i ocean (North Atlantic Oscillation: Atmosphere and Ocean), Moscow: Triada, LDT, 2013.
Panin, G.N., Vyruchalkina, T.Yu., Grechushnikova, M.G., and Solomonova, I.V., Specific features of the hydrological regime of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir under climate changes in the Don Basin, Water Resour., 2016, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 249–258. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0321059616020127
Popova, V.V. and Georgiadi, A.G., Spectral estimates of the correlation between the Volga runoff variations and the North-Atlantic oscillation in 1882–2007, Izv. RAN. Ser. Geogr., 2017, no 2, pp. 47−59. https://doi.org/10.15356/0373-2444-2017-2-47-59
Popova, V.V., Babina, E.D., and Georgiadi, A.G., Climatic factors of Volga runoff variations in the late XX–early XXI century, Izv. RAN. Ser. Geogr., 2019, no. 4, pp. 63–72. https://doi.org/10.31857/S2587-55662019463-72
Tsentr registra i kadastra. Informatsionnaya sistema po vodnym resursam i vodnomy khozyaistvu basseinov rek Rossii (Center of Register and Cadaster. Information System for Water Resources and Water Economy in Russian River Basins). [Electronic Resource]. http://gis.vodinfo.ru/ (Accessed January 13, 2022).
Shashulovskii, V.A. and Mosiyash, S.S., Formirovanie biologicheskikh resursov Volgogradskogo vodokhranilishcha v khode suktsessii ego ekosistemy (Formation of the Biological Resources of the Volgograd Reservoir in the Course of Succession of Its Ecosystem), Moscow: Tovarishchestvo nauch. izd. KMK, 2010.
Edel’shtein, K.K., Vodokhranilishcha Rossii: ekologicheskie problemy, puti ikh resheniya (Reservoirs of Russia: Environmental Problems, the Ways of Their Solution), Moscow: GEOS, 1998.
Edel’shtein, K.K., Gidrologiya ozer i vodokhranilishch. Uchebnik dlya vuzov (Hydrology of Lakes and Reservoirs: A Textbook), Moscow: Pero, 2014.
Ekologicheskie problemy Verkhnei Volgi (Environmental Problems of the Upper Volga), Kopylov, A.I., Ed., Yaroslavl: Izd. YaGTU.
Adrian, R., O’Reilly, C.M., Zagarese, H., Baines, S.B., Hessen, D.O., Keller, W., Livingstone, D.M., Sommaruga, R., Straile, D., Van Donk, E., Weyhenmeyer, G.A., and Winder, M., Lakes as sentinels of climate change, Limnol. Oceanogr., 2009, pp. 2283–2297.
Carvalho-Santos, C., Monteiro, A.T., Azevedo, J.C., Honrado, J.P., and Nunes, J.P., Climate change impacts on water resources and reservoir management: uncertainty and adaptation for a mountain catchment in Northeast Portugal, Water Resour. Manage, 2017, pp. 3355–3370.
Fang, X. and Stefan, H.G., Simulations of climate effects on water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and ice and snow covers in lakes of the contiguous United States under past and future climate scenarios, Limnol. Oceanogr., 2009, vol. 54, pp. 2359–2370.
Firoozi, F., Roozbahani, A., and Massahbavani, A.R., Developing a framework for assessment of climate change impact on thermal stratification of dam reservoirs, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2020, vol. 17, pp. 2295–2310.
Kryjov, V.N., Climate extremes of the 2019/2020 winter in Northern Eurasia: contributions by the climate trend and interannual variability related to the arctic oscillation, Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., 2021, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 61–68.
Kryjov, V.N. and Gorelits, O.V., The arctic oscillation and its impact on temperature and precipitation in Northern Eurasia in the 20th century, Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., 2015, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 711–721.
Rimmer, A., Gal, G., Opher, T., Lechinsky, Y., and Yacobi, Y.Z., Mechanisms of long-term variations in the thermal structure of a warm lake, Limnol. Oceanogr., 2011, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 974–988.
Williamson, C.E., Saros, J.E., Vincent, W.F., and Smol, J.P., Lakes and reservoirs as sentinels, integrators, and regulators of climate change, Limnol. Oceanogr., 2009, vol. 54, pp. 2273–2282.
Williamson, C.E., Brentrup, J.A., Zhang, J., Renwick, W.H., Hargreaves, B.R., Knoll, L.B., Overholt, E.P., and Rose, K.C., Lakes as sensors in the landscape: optical metrics as scalable sentinel responses to climate change, Limnol. Oceanogr., 2014, vol. 59, pp. 840–850.
Zhang, Y., Wu, Z., Liu, M., He, J., Shi, K., Wang, M., and Yu, Z., Thermal structure and response to long-term climatic changes in Lake Qiandaohu, a deep subtropical reservoir in China, Limnol. Oceanogr., 2014, vol. 59, pp. 1193–1202.
Funding
The study was carried out under Governmental Order no. 121051100104-6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Poddubnyi, S.A., Zakonnova, A.V., Tsvetkov, A.I. et al. Current Hydrological Regime of the Volga Reservoirs. Water Resour 50, 345–357 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807823030107
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807823030107