Creation of Filled Polymer Composite Materials with Different Types of Dispersed Structure and their Classification and Properties

Abstract

This work presents data on the construction of the dispersed structures of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials by the generalized (Θ, В, М) and reduced (Θ/В, Θ/S_f) parameters which take into account the main provision of the Prigogine–de Gennes theory on the formation of heterogeneity and functional division of a polymer matrix into three components: Θ—the fraction of the polymer phase-matrix (binding agent) for the formation of an interlayer among the filler particles; В—the fraction of the polymer phase-matrix (binding agent) for the filling of the volume among the particles with interlayers; and М—the fraction of the polymer phase-matrix (binding agent) in the boundary layers with a thickness δ. The main characteristics of the dispersed phase, as well as the division of the dispersed particles into groups with respect to size, namely, nanoparticles, ultradisperse particles, microparticles, macroparticles, and large particles, are presented. A classification of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials by the structural principle (diluted, low-filled, medium-filled, up to the yield strength, at the yield strength, high-filled, and ultrahigh-filled systems) and scheme of formation of various types of structures of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials is proposed. Formulae for the calculation of the generalized (Θ, B, M) and reduced (Θ/B, Θ/S_f) parameters, as well as the value of the parameter of maximum concentration of the dispersed filler φ_m for dispersed particles with various sizes and shapes (globe-shaped solid large particles, short hard fibers, gas-like particles, plastic particles) are presented. The concentration of the dispersed filler is calculated, which guarantees the formation of the set type of structure in dispersion-filled polymer composite materials. It is found that the process and operational properties are determined by the type and parameters of the heterogeneous heterophase structure of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials.