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Problems in the physicochemical analysis of solids

  • Theory of Atomic Molecular Processes
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Abstract

Features of the physicochemical analysis of solids at low temperatures in nonequilibrium states due to diffusion resistance during the mixing of atoms are considered from the standpoint of statistical thermodynamics. It is shown that the existing approach to interpreting the state of solids, which is based on classical thermodynamics, does not correspond to the actual processes that occur in solids. The kinetic theory of condensed phases provides a self-consistent description of different characteristics of a solid under both equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. Nonequilibrium analogs of the equilibrium thermodynamic potentials are determined that characterize the total energy of a system at a particular time. Two types of atomic motion in solids are considered: vibrational motions and atomic jumps between different stable positions in crystals. The structure of equations describing the nonequilibrium and equilibrium states of crystals and glasses, restrictions on using the Maxwell rule to describe phase transitions in solids, and the interpretation of metastable states are discussed.

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  1. Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Moscow, 105064, Russia

    Yu. K. Tovbin

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Correspondence to Yu. K. Tovbin.

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Original Russian Text © Yu.K. Tovbin, 2014, published in Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 2014, Vol. 88, No. 11, pp. 1788–1804.

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Tovbin, Y.K. Problems in the physicochemical analysis of solids. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 88, 1965–1979 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024414110193

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