Abstract
Structural transformations of the carbide phase in Hadfield steel (110G13) that occur upon plastic deformation by dry sliding friction have been studied by methods of optical metallography, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Deformation is shown to lead to the refinement of the particles of the carbide phase (Fe, Mn)3C to a nanosized level. The effect of the deformation-induced dissolution of (Fe, Mn)3C carbides in austenite of 110G13 (Hadfield) steel has been revealed, which manifests in the appearance of new lines belonging to austenite with an unusually large lattice parameter (a = 0.3660–0.3680 nm) in the X-ray diffraction patterns of steel tempered to obtain a fine-lamellar carbide phase after deformation. This austenite is the result of the deformation-induced dissolution of disperse (Fe, Mn)3C particles, which leads to the local enrichment of austenite with carbon and manganese. The tempering that leads to the formation of carbide particles in 110G13 steel exerts a negative influence on the strain hardening of the steel, despite the increase in the hardness of steel upon tempering and the development of the processes of the deformation-induced dissolution of the carbide phase, which leads to the strengthening of the γ solid solution.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V. V. Sagaradze and A. I. Uvarov, Strengthening and Properties of Austenite Steels (Red.-Izd. Otdel Ural. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ekaterinburg, 2013) [in Russian].
Metallography of Iron. Vol. 2. Structure of Steels (with Atlas of Microphotography) (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1972), [in Russian].
I. N. Bogachev and V. F. Egolaev, Structure and Properties of Iron-Manganese Alloys (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1973) [in Russian].
E. Houdremont Handbuch der Sonderstahlkunde (Springer, Berlin, 1956; Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1959), Vol. 1 [in Russian].
L. G. Korshunov, “Structural transformations during friction and wear resistance of austenitic steel,” Phys. Met. Metallogr., 74, 152–162 (1992).
L. G. Korshunov, V. A. Shabashov, N. L. Chernenko, and V. P. Pilyugin, “Effect of contact stresses on the phase composition, strength, and tribological properties of nanocrystalline structures formed in steels and alloys under sliding friction,” Metal Sci. Heat Treat. 50, 583–592 (2008).
Metal Science and Heat Treatment of Steel. A Handbook, In 3 vol. Vol. 1. Methods of Testing and Study, 3rd ed., (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1983), [in Russian].
V. A. Shabashov, L. G. Korshunov, A. G. Mukoseev, V. V. Sagaradze, A. V. Makarov, V. P. Pilygin, S. I. Novikov, and N. F. Vildanova, “Deformationinduced phase transitions in a high-carbon steel,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 346, 196–207 (2003).
V. A. Shabashov, L. G. Korshunov, A. E. Zamatovskii, A. V. Litvinov, V. V. Sagaradze, and I. I. Kositsyna, “Deformation-induced dissolution of carbides of the M(V, Mo)-C type in high-manganese steels upon the friction effect,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 113, 914–921 (2012).
L. G. Korshunov, I. I. Kositsyna, V. V. Sagaradze, and N. L. Chernenko, “Effect of the carbide phase on the tribological properties of high-manganese antiferromagnetic austenitic steels alloyed with vanadium and molybdenum,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 112, 90–100 (2011).
V. G. Gavrilyuk, Distribution of Carbon in Steel (Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1987) [in Russian].
L. G. Korshunov, A. V. Makarov, and N. L. Chernenko, “Nanocrystalline friction structures in steels and alloys, their strengthening and tribological properties,” in Academic V. D. Sadovskii’s Idea. Collection of Papers (Inst. Fiz. Met. Ural. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ekaterinburg, 2008), pp. 218–241 [in Russian].
Y. N. Dastur and W. C. Leslie, “Mechanism of work hardening in Hadfield manganese steel,” Metall. Trans. A 12, 749–759 (1981).
V. A. Shabashov, L. G. Korshunov, and Yu. V. Baldokhin, “Mössbauer study of 110G13 steel structure, deformed under friction conditions,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 67, 1197–1203 (1989).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © L.G. Korshunov, V.V. Sagaradze, N.L. Chernenko, V.A. Shabashov, 2015, published in Fizika Metallov i Metallovedenie, 2015, Vol. 116, No. 8, pp. 867–873.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Korshunov, L.G., Sagaradze, V.V., Chernenko, N.L. et al. Friction-induced structural transformations of the carbide phase in Hadfield steel. Phys. Metals Metallogr. 116, 823–828 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X15080098
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X15080098