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Lower Permian Gastropods of Shakhtau (Asselian–Sakmarian Boundary Beds, Southern Cisuralia)

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Abstract

An Early Permian gastropod assemblage from the reef limestones of southern Cisuralia is studied. The material was collected from the Asselian–Sakmarian interval of the Shakhtau Reef. With 91 species, this is one of the most diverse Early Permian assemblages ever described. This number of species is no more than 70% of the potential gastropod diversity in the Asselian–Sakmarian limestones of Shakhtau. Seven new generic level taxa are or have been established based on the material from Shakhtau: Perakella Mazaev, 2019, Termihabena Mazaev, 2019, Vicnigoria gen. nov., Bolicharewia gen. nov., Seleukella gen. nov., Bandelzyga gen. nov., and Monimirus gen. nov., and also 58 new species: Novlepatella uralensis sp. nov., Bellerophon shakhtauensis sp. nov., Tapinotomaria cancellata sp. nov., Peruvispira uralensis sp. nov., Ananias belaensis sp. nov., A. bashkiriensis sp. nov., Stenozone spiralis sp. nov., Globodoma magna sp. nov., Euconospira skuini sp. nov., Spiroscala elegans sp. nov., Shwedagonia pagoda sp. nov., S.korolukae sp. nov., Dictyotomaria balabanovi sp. nov., Eirlysia reticulatiformis sp. nov., Termihabena lirata Mazaev, 2019, Perakella shakhtauensis Mazaev, 2019, Baylea longispira sp. nov., Apachellarugosa sp. nov., Platyzona shikhanensis sp. nov., Callispira taosiformis sp. nov., Bellazona acuta Mazaev, 2019, Goniasma gerasimovi sp. nov., Orthonema perspicuum sp. nov., O. conspicuum sp. nov., O. nonnullum sp. nov., O. repandum sp. nov., Stegocoelia arta sp. nov., S. abscisa sp. nov., Arribazonaseleukensis sp. nov., Orecopia inopinata gen. et sp. nov., Vicnigoria monstrata gen. et sp. nov., Anomphalus glaucus sp. nov., Bolicharewia edita gen. et sp. nov., Tychonia fortis sp. nov., Anematina indiscreta sp. nov., Platyceras sagum sp. nov., Strophostylus fortuitus sp. nov., Orthonychia korotkovae sp. nov., Sallya bimaris sp. nov., S. indigena sp. nov., Trachydomia shkurkoi sp. nov., Palaeostylus confragosus sp. nov., P. nervosus sp. nov., Seleukella costata gen. et sp. nov., Pseudozygopleura applicata sp. nov., Plocezyga convexa sp. nov., P. boikoi sp. nov., P. venusta sp. nov., P. minuta sp. nov., Levizygopleura composita sp. nov., L. magna sp. nov., Bandelzyga elegans gen. et sp. nov., Stephanozyga seminuda sp. nov., Strobeus bashkiriensis sp. nov., Girtyspira oblonga sp. nov., Streptacis nalivkini sp. nov., Cristalloella (Wonwalica) permica sp. nov., and Monimirus bonus gen. et sp. nov. Two species are described in open nomenclature. Some species found in Shakhtau were previously known from Tethyan assemblages of Fergana: Bellerophonkaratshatyrensis, B. isfarensis, Permoconcha ferganica, Orthonema frequens, Amaurotoma kizilkiensis, Anomphalus planus, Yunnania romanovskyi, Pseudozygopleura knighti, P. rugosocostata, Strobeus ferganense, S. veberi; Sicily: Retispira lyelli, Naticopsis spallanzanii, and Soleniscus elegans; China: Porcellia (Porcellia) magninodosa, P. (P.) lingshuiensis, Platyzona eulkaiensis, and Stegocoelia quinquecostata. In addition, as shown in this paper, assemblages in South China contain: Bellerophon isfarensis and Baylea longispira sp. nov. It is worth mentioning that the Shakhtau assemblages contain representatives of such genera as Schwedagonia, Stenozone, Sallya, and Perakella, known from a Malaysian assemblage described by Batten (1972, 1979) (see Mazaev, 2019b). Other species found in Shakhtau had previously been known from the Pennsylvanian and Permian of North America: Globodoma spironema, Baylea gurleyi, Straparollus (Euomphalus) cornudanus, Retispira lyelli, R. modesta, Euphemites batteni,Eirlysia reticulata, and Discotomaria basisulcata. In addition, the North American assemblages contain Bellerophon isfarensis. Thus, the studied gastropod assemblage from Shakhtau unequivocally suggests that the Uralian corridor was a migration pathway between the faunas of the North America and Tethyan basins. In addition, these “relict taxa” Orecopia inopinata sp. nov. and Bellazona acuta Mazaev, 2019a, Vicnigoria monstrata gen. et sp. nov., and also “Mesozoic taxa” Cristalloella (Wonwalica) permica sp. nov. and Monimirus bonus gen. et sp. nov., which significantly expands geographical ranges and geochronological intervals of these groups.

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Notes

  1. The quarry staff still call the exploration site “the mountain”.

  2. The list also includes: Bellazona, Perakella, and Termihabena, i.e., taxa, which were described in separate papers (Mazaev, 2019a, 2019b, 2019c).

  3. Yakovlev was the first Russian researcher of the Paleozoic mollusks to use photographs, rather than pencil drawings.

  4. Ivan Albertovich Skuin, after meeting Korolyuk, who, in his words, “infected him with geology,” collected minerals, rocks and fossils until his last days. His collection formed the basis of the BSC corporate museum. He actively conducted excursions at the quarry and in the museum.

  5. This includes taxa described in previous articles: Bellazona acuta, Perakella shakhtauensis, and Termihabena lirata (Mazaev, 2019 a, 2019b, 2019c).

  6. Some taxa established by Licharew need revision. Some of them were previously revised (Mazaev, 2002, 2011, 2019c), and in this paper.

  7. The Fergana assemblage probably developed under conditions close to shallow carbonate platforms.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am sincerely grateful to T.B. Leonova (PIN) for editing the manuscript.

Funding

Writing this paper would not have been possible without the financial support of BSC. The author thanks the management of the Company represented by V.A. Balabanov, who actively supported research work under the BSC agreement with the PIN “Monographic study of early Permian fossil organisms Shakhtau (gastropods).” The author and all the participants in the expeditions are grateful to the management of AO “Syr’yevaya Kompaniya” represented by A.V. Shkurko for supporting and providing technical assistance during field work in the territory of the Shakhtau quarry.

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  1. Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117647, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Mazaev

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Mazaev, A.V. Lower Permian Gastropods of Shakhtau (Asselian–Sakmarian Boundary Beds, Southern Cisuralia). Paleontol. J. 53, 1237–1345 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030119120025

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