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Bacterial Diversity in Attached Communities of a Cold High-Sulfide Water Body in European Russia

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Abstract—

Bacterial diversity in attached communities of the anoxic part of the Solodovka wetland (Samara region, Russia), which feeds on cold karst springs with a high (>3 mM) sulfide content was studied using high-throughput sequencing of the variable regions V3−V4 of 16S rRNA gene. The sequences were grouped into 370 operational taxonomic units (OTUs); the OTU number per sample varied within a broad range, from 52 to 277. Taxonomic diversity in the samples depended on mat type, temperature, and sulfide concentration. The highest diversity was found in typical soft cyanobacterial mats; bacterial diversity in hard microbialites was much lower. Phototrophic bacteria formed the basis of all studied communities. In the typical mats, cyanobacteria prevailed, accompanied by phototrophic Chloroflexales, the latter being responsible for 7−13% of the total number of sequences. Hard microbialites and the mat developing at the highest sulfide concentration were characterized by low representation of these taxa and a high proportion of phototrophic Proteobacteria and Chlorobiaceae. Organisms of the sulfur cycle, Desulfobacterota and Campylobacterota, predominated in the chemotrophic part of the communities. While the organisms with fermentative metabolism and facultative chemolithotrophs were represented by a large number of OTUs, they were minor in abundance, and the sequences of the phyla Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, which are usually widespread in oxic aquatic ecosystems have not been found. In general, the chemotrophic part of the studied communities strongly resembled the attached communities from cave streams and communities of various underground aquifers. Their phototrophic component was formed relatively independently of the chemotrophic one with the participation of the surrounding surface microbiota. The sequences most similar to some of the most abundant OTUs in the Solodovka wetland originated from the chemocline of stratified lakes, including meromictic ones.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

DNA sequencing was carried out using the Microbial Persistence Joint Use Center, Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors are grateful to A.O. Plotnikov for recommendations on sample fixation and processing and for participation in bioinformatical treatment of the data, and to the unknown reviewer for the comments which resulted in a significant improvement of the manuscript.

Funding

The work was carried out within the framework of the Program for Basic Research of the State Academies of Sciences for 2013–2020 (project no. AAAA-A17-117112040040-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, 445003, Togliatti, Russia

    M. Yu. Gorbunov & M. V. Umanskaya

  2. Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000, Orenburg, Russia

    Y. A. Khlopko & V. Ya. Kataev

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  1. M. Yu. Gorbunov
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  2. Y. A. Khlopko
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Correspondence to M. Yu. Gorbunov.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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 Translated by P. Sigalevich

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Gorbunov, M.Y., Khlopko, Y.A., Kataev, V.Y. et al. Bacterial Diversity in Attached Communities of a Cold High-Sulfide Water Body in European Russia. Microbiology 91, 77–90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261722010040

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