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Lower Maeotian Bryozoan Bioherms of Cape Kazantip, Crimea: A New Concept of the Paleoecological Environment of Their Origin

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Abstract

The lower Maeotian carbonate encrustation of bryozoan bioherms and local problematic carbonate buildups at Cape Kazantip (Kerch Peninsula) were studied to elucidate their genesis. Analytical (lithological and mineralogical, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and isotopy) studies have shown that hardness of the bryozoan framework is related to the syndepositional, biologically induced cement around bryozoans and carbonate encrustation of bioherms. In addition to fossilized traces of products of the microbiotic vital activity (bacteriomorphic structures, mineralized biofilms, glycocalyx—an exopolymer substance (IPS), and framboidal pyrite), the carbonate crusts on bryozoan bioherms and mollusk–polychaete minibioherms contain abundant bitumen, strontianite, barite, celestine, Mn-rich calcite (kutnohorite), Mg-calcite, aragonite, dolomite are widespread. Mineralized biofilms include trace elements Fe, Si, Mg, Al, K, Na, Cl, Ba, S, Ni, and Co. The isotopic composition of different carbonate rock types is marked by wide variations of carbon (–2.76…7.17‰) and oxygen (24.20–33.01‰) and manifested in fluctuations of water salinity (16.67–39.74‰). The chemical composition and mineral specificity of rocks, confinement of carbonate crusts and minibioherms to saline waters, and local pattern of their formation suggest the manifestation of near-bottom cold gas-fluid seeps, probably, of a complex chloride-sodium-sulfate-magnesium composition or various modifications of these components in a shallow sea basin, whereas the bryozoan biohermal complex is most likely a near-hydrothermal oasis.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are very grateful for the determination of fauna to paleontologists A.V. Guzhov (gastropods) and I.A. Goncharova (bivalves) at the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and to T.I. Marchenko-Vagapova (diatoms) at the Institute of Geology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IGC Komi).

Analytical studies were carried out at the “Geonauka” Center for Collective Use at the Institute of Geology (Syktyvkar) and the “Geoanalitik” Central Research Center, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IGG, RAN, Yekaterinburg).

The authors thank the staff of the Kazantip Nature Reserve for supporting and assisting the studies, as well as N.A. Litvinyuk and V.I. Silaev (Institute of Geology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences), for consulting in the processing of analytical data.

The authors are sincerely grateful to the reviewers for the comments, questions, and useful recommendations during the article preparation for publication.

Funding

This work was carried out under the State Task of the IGC Komi (State Registration no. 1021062311457-5-1.5.6) and the Agreement between IGG RAN (Yekaterinburg) and the Joint Directorate of “Reserved Crimea”.

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  1. Institute of Geology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia

    A. I. Antoshkina & Yu. S. Simakova

  2. Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620016, Yekaterinburg, Russia

    L. V. Leonova

Authors
  1. A. I. Antoshkina
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  2. L. V. Leonova
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  3. Yu. S. Simakova
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Correspondence to A. I. Antoshkina, L. V. Leonova or Yu. S. Simakova.

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Translated by D. Sakya

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Antoshkina, A.I., Leonova, L.V. & Simakova, Y.S. Lower Maeotian Bryozoan Bioherms of Cape Kazantip, Crimea: A New Concept of the Paleoecological Environment of Their Origin. Lithol Miner Resour 57, 543–567 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490222060025

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490222060025

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