Abstract
The article presents data on numerous findings of authigenic K-feldspars in the Lower–Upper Carboniferous carbonate and terrigenous rocks in the southern limb of the Moscow syneclise, including the Oka–Tsna bar. In terms of the composition and crystalline structure, all feldspar morphotypes (idiomorphic monocrystalline fringes on the surface of sandy clastic grains, fine-crystalline aggregates, pseudomorphously replacing organogenic carbonate detritus, and pseudoskeletal crystals) are composed of K-sanidine with the overwhelming predominance of K over Na and extremely low concentrations of Ca, Ba, and Sr. As can be seen from 40Ar/39Ar dating, the authigenic sanidine mineralization took place during the Permian, i.e., 20–55 Ma later than the accumulation of host Carboniferous rocks. Mineralogical observations, as well as paleofacies and paleogeographic reconstructions, suggest that the formation of authigenic K-feldspars is associated with the gravitation-brine catagenesis in the southern limb of the Moscow syneclise as a result of the seepage of high-mineralization brines from Permian evaporate marine basins into the underlying older rocks.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Alekhin, S.V. and Kvyatkovskaya, G.N., Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Moskovskaya. List O-37-XXXV. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological Map of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200000. Ser. Moscow. Sheet O-37-XXXV: Explanatory Note), Moscow: VGF, 1970.
Aleksandrova, N.A., Auslender, V.G., Buslovich, A.L., and Bondarenko, E.D., Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Tikhvinsko-Onezhskaya. Listy: O-36-VI (Babaevo), O-36-XII (Chagoda), O-37-I (Borisovo-Sudskoe), O-37-II (Voskresenskoe). Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (State Geological Map of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000. Ser. Tikhva–Onega. Sheets O-36-VI (Babaevo), O-36-XII (Chagoda), O-37-I (Borisovo-Sudask), and O-37-II (Voskresensk): Explanatory Note), Moscow: VGF, 1993.
Alekseev, A.S., Goreva, N.V., Isakova, T.N., and Kossovaya, O.L., New scheme for the lithostratigraphic subdivision of Kasimovian/Gzhelian rocks in the Moscow region, Byull. RMSK Tsentru Yugu Russk. Platformy, 2015, no. 6, pp. 46–60.
Anastasiu, N., Authigenic feldspars in the carbonate rocks of the black schist formation (Eastern Carpathians), Rev. Roum. Geol., Geoph. Geogr.,Geol., 1977, vol. 21, pp. 71–77.
Apollonov, V.N., Barsanov, G.P., Blinov, V.A., et al., Feldspar in halopelites of the Verkhnyaya Kama deposit, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1975, no. 225, pp. 908–910.
Atlas litologo-paleogeograficheskikh kart Russkoi platformy i ee geosinklinal’nogo obramleniya. (Atlas of Lithological and Paleogeograhic Maps of the Russian Platform and Its Geosynclinal Framing), Vinogradov, A.P., Ed., Moscow, 1961, part 1 (Late Precambrian and Paleozoic).
Auslender, V.G., Nikolaev, Yu.V., and Smirnov, V.I., Geologicheskaya i gidrogeologicheskaya karty SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Tikhvinsko-Onezhskaya. List O-37-VII. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological and Hydrogeological Map of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000, Ser. Tikhva–Onega. Sheet O-37-VII: Explanatory Note), Moscow: Soyuzgeolfond, 1980.
Baskin, Y., A study of authigenic feldspars, J. Geol., 1956, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 132–155.
Borodin, N.G., Rodionova, G.D., and Dvortsov, P.A., Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Moskovskaya. List O-37-XXV. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological Map of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000, Ser. Moscow. Sheet O-37-XXV: Explanatory Note), Moscow: VGF, 1976.
Borozdina, Z.I., Shatalova, O.I., and Danilova, L.V., Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Srednevolzhskaya. List O-38-XXXI. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (State Geological Map of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000, Ser. Middle Volga Region. Sheet O-38-XXXI: Explanatory Note), Moscow: Soyuzgeolfond, 1981.
Borutskii, B.E., Potassiv feldspar, in Mineraly: Spravochnik (Minerals: A Handbook), Mozgova, N.N. and Sokolova, M.N., Eds., Moscow: Nauka, 2003, vol. 5, no. 1 (Framwework Silicates).
Burgess, R., Kelley, S.P., Parsons, I., et al., 40Ar–39Ar analysis of perthite microtextures and fluid inclusions in alkali feldspars from the Klokken syenite, South Greenland, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1992, vol. 109, pp. 147–167.
Buyce, M.R. and Friedman, G.M., Significance of authigenic K-feldspar in Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate rocks of the proto-Atlantic Shelf in North America, J. Sediment. Res., 1975, vol. 45, pp. 808–821.
Chaikovskii, I.I. and Chirkova, E.P., Authigenic feldspars in the Verkhnyaya Kama salt deposit, in Problemy mineralogii, petrografii i metallogenii (Problems in Mineralogy, Petrography, and Metallogeny), Moscow, 2013, no. 16, pp. 68–74.
Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L., and Fan, J.-X., The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart, Episodes, 2013, no. 36, pp. 199–204. (Updated: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2018-08.pdf)
Dashevskii, V.V., Shatalova, O.N., Stolyarova, T.I., et al., Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Moskovskaya. Listy O-37-XIII, O-37-XIX, O-37-XX. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (State Geological Map of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000. Ser. Moscow. Sheets O-37-XIII, O-37-XIX, and O-37-XX: Explanatory Note), Moscow: Soyuzgeolfond, 1982.
Geologicheskaya karta Vostochno-Evropeiskoi platformy i ee skladchatogo obramleniya (v granitsakh byvshego SSSR). Domezozoiskie obrazovaniya. Masshtab 1 : 2 500 000 (Geological Map of the East European Platform and Its Folded Framing in the CIS Area, Pre-Mesozoic Rocks. Scale 1 : 250 000), Kirikov, V.P., Ed., St. Petersburg: Kartograf. Fabrika VSEGEI, 1996.
Goffenshefer, S.Ya. and Lachinova, L.S., Geologicheskaya i gidrogeologicheskaya karty SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Moskovskaya. List O-37-XXXIII. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological and Hydrogeological Maps of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000. Ser. Moscow. Sheet O-37-XXXIII: Explanatory Note), Moscow: VGF, 1978.
Goffenshefer, S.Ya., Dagaeva, E.I., and Lavrovich, O.N., Geologicheskaya i gidrogeologicheskaya karty SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Moskovskaya. List N-37-III. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological and Hydrogeoelogical Maps of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000. Ser. Moscow. Sheet N-37-III: Explanatory Note),), Moscow: VGF, 1975.
Goffenshefer, S.Ya., Kuznetsov, V.K., and Lachinova, L.S., Geologicheskaya i gidrogeologicheskaya karty SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Moskovskaya. List O-37-XXVII. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological and Hydrogeological Maps of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000. Ser. Moscow. Sheet O-37-XXVII: Explanatory Note), Moscow: VGF, 1978.
Golubev, V.K., Most important events in the geological history of the East European Platform in the Permian, in Problemy paleoekologii i istoricheskoi geoekologii (Problems of Paleoecology and Historical Geoecology), Novikov, I.V., Ivanov, A.V., Borisyak, A.A., and Gagarin, Yu.A., Eds., Moscow: PIN RAN, 2018, pp. 18–20.
Goreva, N.V., Isakova, T.N., Alekseev, A.S., et al., The Domodedovo section. Neostratotype of the Moscovian Stage and Myachkovian Substage, in Type and Reference Carboniferous Sections in the Southern Part of the Moscow Basin (Field Meeting of the I.U.G.S. Subcommission on Carboniferous Stratigraphy “The Historical Type Sections, Proposed and Potential GSSP of the Carboniferous in Russia”, Moscow, 2009, pp. 65–90.
Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Masshtab 1 : 1 000 000 (tret’e pokolenie). Seriya Tsentral’no-Evropeiskaya. List N-(34)—Kaliningrad. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (State Geological Map of the Russian Federation, Scale 1 : 1 000 000 (3rd Ed.). Ser. Central Europe. Sheet N-(34)—Kaliningrad: Explanatory Note), Kirikov, V.P., Ed., St. Petersburg: Kartograf. Fabrika VSEGEI, 2011. Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Masshtab 1 : 1 000 000 (tret’e pokolenie). Seriya Tsentral’no-Evropeiskaya. Listy O-35—Pskov, (N-35), O-36 - Sankt-Peterburg. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (State Geological Map of the Russian Federation, Scale 1 : 1 000 000 (3rd Ed.). Ser. Central Europe. Sheets O-35 (Pskov), N-35 and O-36 (St. Petersburg): Explanatory Note), Kirikov, V.P., Eds., St. Petersburg: Kartograf. Fabrika VSEGEI, 2012.
Hagen, E., Kelley, S.P., Dypvik, H., et al., Direct dating of authigenic K-feldspar overgrowths from the Kilombero Rift of Tanzania, J. Geol. Soc., 2001, vol. 158, pp. 801–807.
Harlavan, Y. and Sandler, A., Steps toward dating early diagenetic K-feldspar by the 40Ar-39Ar method, Sediment. Geol., 2010, vol. 229, no. 4, pp. 254–267.
Hearn, J.R. and Sutter, J.F., Authigenic potassium feldspar in Cambrian carbonates: evidence of Alleghanian brine migration, Science, 1985, vol. 228, no. 4707, pp. 1529–1531.
Ignatiev, V.I., Formirovanie Volgo-Ural’skoi anteklizy v permskii period (Formation of the Volga–Ural Anteclise in the permian), Kazan: Kazan. Univ., 1976.
Ignatiev, V.I., General pattern of the facial changes in the Upper Permian sequences of the Uralian Povolzhye Region (the Urals and Povolzhye), in Stratotypes and Reference Sections of the Upper Permian in the regions of the Volga and Kama rivers, Esaulova, N.K., Lozovsky, V.R., and Yu, A., Eds., M.: GEOS, 1998, pp. 116–130.
Ivanova, E.A. and Khvorova, I.V., Stratigrafiya srednego i verkhnego karbona zapadnoi chasti Moskovskoi sineklizy (Stratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Carboniferous in the Western Moscow Syneclise), Moscow: AN SSSR, 1955
Jones, G.D., Fate of reflux brines in carbonate platforms, Geology, 2002, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 371–374.
Kastner, M., Authigenic feldspars in carbonate rocks, Am. Mineral., 1971, vol. 56, pp. 1403–1442.
Kastner, M. and Siever, R., Low temperature feldspars in sedimentary rocks, Am. J. Sci., 1979, vol. 279, pp. 435–479.
Kholodov, V.N., New data on catagenesis: Communication 1. Infiltrational and gravitation-brine catagenesis, Litol. Polezn. Iskop., 1982, no. 3, pp. 3–22.
Kholodov, V.N., Elision systems of the Dnieper–Donets aulacogen: Communication 2. Catagenetic proces, Lithol. Miner. Resour., 2012, no. 1, pp. 48–69.
Kotlyar, G.V., Golubev, V.K., and Silantiev, V.V., Middle and Upper Permian Stratigraphy of the East European Platform: State of the Art, in Advances in Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian Research: Stratigraphy, Environments, Climate and Resources. Kazan Golovkinsky Stratigraphic Meeting, Nurgaliev, D., Ed., Bologna: Filodiritto Publ., 2018, pp. 155–162.
Kroll, H. and Ribbe, P.H., Determining (Al, Si) distribution and strain in alkali feldspars using lattice parameters and diffraction-peak positions: A review, Am. Mineral., 1987, vol. 72, no. 5/6, pp. 491–506.
Le Bail, A., Whole powder pattern decomposition methods and applications: A retrospection, Powder Diffr., 2005, vol. 20, pp. 316–319.
Lee, M.R. and Parsons, I., Microtextures of authigenic K-rich feldspar in the Upper Jurassic Humber Group, UK North Sea, Sedimentology, 2003, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 597–608.
Leitner, C., Authigenic K-feldspar in salt rock (Haselgebirge Formation, Eastern Alps), in Geophysical Research Abstracts, EGU, Vienna, 2015. https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-7010.pdf
Lozovskii, V.R., Triassic lakes in thye Moscow and Polish–Lithuanian syneclises, in Istoriya ozer pozdnego paleozoya i rannego mezozoya (History of the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Lakes), Martinson, G.G. and Neustrueva, I.Yu., Eds., Leningrad: Nauka, 1987, pp. 100–213.
Makhlina, M.Kh., Isakova, T.N., and Zhulitova, V.E., Upper Carboniferous in the Moscow Region, in Verkhnii karbon SSSR (Upper Carboniferous in the Soviet Union), Moscow: Nauka, 1984, pp. 5–14.
Makhlina, M.Kh., Alekseev, A.S., Goreva, N.V., et al., Srednii karbon Moskovskoi sineklizy (yuzhnaya chast’) (Middle Carboniferous in the Southern Moscow Syneclise), Moscow: Paleont. Inst. RAN, 2001.
Makhnach, A.A., Postsedimentatsionnye izmeneniya mezhsolevykh devonskikh otlozhenii Pripyatskogo progiba (Postdepositional alterations of Devonian Intersalt Deposits in the Pripyat Trough), Minsk: Nauka Tekhnika, 1980.
Makhnach, A.A., Global development of the halogenic catagenetic mineralization in sedimentary rocks under the evaporitic formations, Litol. Polezn. Iskop., 1982, no. 3, pp. 59–65.
Makhnach, A.A., Katagenez i podzemnye vody (Catagenesis and Groundwaters), Minsk: Nauka Tekhnika, 1989.
Makhnach, A.A., Stadial’nyi analiz litogeneza (Stagewise Analysis of Lithogenesis), Minsk: BGU, 2000.
Maraschin, A.J., K-Ar dating of authigenic minerals in siliciclastic sequences: an example from the south Sanfranciscana Basin (Western Minas Gerais, Brazil), Geol. J., 2016, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 77–91.
Maraschin, A.J., Mizusaki, A.M., Vasconcelos, P.M., et al., Depositional age definition of the Açu Formation (Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brazil) through 40Ar–39Ar dating of early-authigenic K-feldspar overgrowths, Pesquisas Geociencias, 2010, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 85–96.
Mark, D.F., Kelley, S.P., Lee, M.R., et al., Ar–Ar dating of authigenic K-feldspar: Quantitative modelling of radiogenic argon-loss through subgrain boundary networks, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2008, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 2695–2710.
Marszalek, M. and Muszynski, M., Authigenic K-feldspars in the Debnik limestone (S Poland), Mineral. Polon., 2001, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 49–62.
Merzlyakov, G.A., Permskie solenosnye basseiny Evrazii (Permian Salt-Bearing Basins in Eurasia), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1979.
Murav’ev, V.I., Authigenic minerals in tectonic breccias of Karatau (Mangyshlak), Litol. Polezn. Iskop., 1964, no. 2, pp. 80–106.
Petricek, V., Dusek, M., and Palatinus, L., Crystallographic computing system Jana 2006: General Features, Z. Kristallogr., 2014, vol. 229, no. 5, pp. 345–352.
Polikarpov, A.I., Polyakovskii, V.Ya., and Melkova, N.V., Significance of authiogenic K-feldspars in the salt–marl sequence rocks of the Verkhnyaya Kama deposit, Zap. Ross. Mineral. Ob-va, 1979, part 108, no. 4, pp. 471–475.
Pustovalov, L.V., Secondary feldspars in sedimentary rocks (Review of the main literature), in O vtorichnykh izmeneniyakh osadochnykh porod (Secondary Alterations of Sedimentary Rocks), Pustovalov, L.V., Ed., Moscow: AN SSSR, 1956, no. 5, pp. 207–222.
Sandler, A., Harlavan, Y., and Steinitz, G., Early formation of K-feldspar in shallow-marine sediments at near-surface temperatures (southern Israel): evidence from K–Ar dating, Sedimentology, 2004, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 323–338.
Semenov, A.A., Tsukurova, A.M., Kvyatkovskaya, G.N., and Kuznetsov, V.K., Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Moskovskaya. List O-37-XXVIII. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological Map of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000. Ser. Moscow. Sheet O-37-XXVIII: Explanatory Note), Moscow: VGF, 1972.
Shestakova, V.V. and Kovalenko, I.N., Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200000. Seriya Moskovskaya. List O-37-XXXVI. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological Map of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200000. Ser. Moscow. Sheet O-37-XXXVI: Explanatory Note), Moscow: VGF, 1977.
Shipilov, I.I. and Bastrakova, N.V., Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Moskovskaya. List O-37-XXXIV. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological Map of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000. Ser. Moscow. Sheet O-37-XXXIV: Explanatory Note),), Moscow: VGF, 1970.
Shuleshkina, E.A., Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta SSSR (karta dochetvertichnykh otlozhenii). Masshtab 1 : 200 000. Seriya Tikhvinsko-Onezhskaya. O-36-XVIII (State Geological Map of the Soviet Union (Map of Pre-Quaternary Sediments), Scale 1 : 200 000. Ser. Tikhva–Onega. Sheet O-36-XVIII: Explanatory Note),), Moscow: TGUTsR, 1972.
Spoetl, C., Kralik, M., and Kunk, M.J., Authigenic feldspar as an indicator of paleo-rock/water interactions in Permian carbonates of the northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, J. Sed. Res. A, 1996, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 139–146.
Spoetl, C., Kunk, M.J., Ramseyer, K., and Longstaffe, F.J., Authigenic potassium feldspar: a tracer for the timing of palaeofluid flow in carbonate rocks, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 1998, vol. 144, pp. 107–128.
Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2016, Menning, M. and Hendrich, A., Eds., Potsdam: Germ. Res. Centre Geosci., 2016.
Strok, N.I., Late Permian lakes in the Moscow syneclise, in Istoriya ozer pozdnego paleozoya i rannego mezozoya (History of Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Lakes), Martinson, G.G. and Neustrueva, I.Yu., Eds., Leningrad: Nauka, 1987, pp. 128–139.
Strok, N.I., Gorbatkina, T.E., and Lozovskii, V.R., Verkhnepermskie i nizhnetriasovye otlozheniya Moskovskoi sineklizy (Upper Permian and Lower Triassic Rocks in the Moscow Syneclise), Moscow: Nedra, 1984.
Syumar, N.P. and Stadnichenko, S.N., Brine catagenesis of Lower Permian Rocks in the southeastern Dnieper–Donets Basin, in Geokhimiya litogeneza: materialy Rossiiskogo soveshchaniya s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem (Geochemistry of Lithogenesis: Material of the All-Russia Conference with the International Participation), Yudovich, Ya.E., Ed., Syktyvkar: IG Komi NTs UrO RAN, 2014, pp. 225–228.
Ulanov, E.I. and Ulanova, E.I., Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Seriya Srednevolzhskaya. List N-38-I. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological Map of the Soviet Union, Scale 1 : 200 000. Ser. Middle Volga Region. Sheet N-38-I: Explanatory Note), Moscow: Soyuzgeolfond, 1983.
Warren, J., Dolomite: occurrence, evolution and economically important associations, Earth Sci. Rev., 2000, vol. 52, pp. 1–81.
Yashunskii, Yu.V., Novikov, I.A., Shkurskii, B.B., et al., Authigenic K-feldspar from Upper Carboniferous limestones of the Moscow region, Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd.Geol., 2016, vol. 91, no. 6, pp. 49–61.
Yashunskii, Yu.V., Novikov, I.A., Grishin, S.V., et al., Replacement of the organic detrital carbonate by K-feldspar, Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd.Geol., 2017, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 58–64.
Yashunskii, Yu.V., Novikov, I.A., Fedorov, A.V., et al., New findings of the authigenic sanidine in the Gzhelian terrigenous and carbonate rocks in the Moscow region, Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd.Geol., 2018, vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 73–80.
Zagorodnykh, V.A., Dovbnya, A.V., and Zhamoida, V.A., Stratigrafiya Kaliningradskogo regiona (Stratigraphy of the Kaliningrad Region), Kaliningrad: Depart. Prirod. Resursov. Severo-Zapadn. Region. MPR Rossii, 2001.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank A.S. Alekseev for placing the rock material at our disposal, consultations, and help in the paper preparation
Funding
This work was accomplished at the Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences under the State Research Task.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Translated by D. Sakya
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yashunskii, Y.V., Novikova, S.A., Golubev, V.K. et al. Authigenic Sanidine as a Mineral Indicator of Gravitation-Brine Catagenesis in Carboniferous Rocks in the Southern Limb of the Moscow Syneclise. Lithol Miner Resour 55, 192–205 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490220030074
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490220030074