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Imbalance of Hormones Involved in Energy Balance Regulation in Obese Patients: a Study of Its Relationship with Disturbed Eating Behavior and Abnormal Metabolic Parameters

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Abstract

In healthy people, postprandial status is characterized by a particular dynamics of the level of hormones involved in the regulation of eating behavior and energy balance. However, data obtained from obese patients are heterogeneous. The aim of this work was to study the pattern of dynamic changes in the level of hormones—leptin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)—and to elucidate their relationship with factors characterizing metabolic status and eating behavior. Sixty six obese patients (12 men and 54 women, mean age 37.8 ± 10.8 years, mean body weight 105.2 ± 16.7 kg, body mass index (BMI) 37.3 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were included in the study. All patients underwent anthropometric examination and had their blood pressure, as well as parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, determined. Hormone levels (leptin, GIP, GLP-1, ghrelin) were assessed fasting and 60 min after a standard breakfast containing 60 g of carbohydrates. It was found that different obese patients demonstrated multidirectional changes in the study hormone levels. Some patients retained the dynamics typical for healthy people, while the majority exhibited a decrease in postprandial peaks (GLP-1 in 48.2%, GIP in 50% of patients), or an abnormal dynamics (no decrease in postprandial ghrelin levels in 60.8%, no increase in postprandial leptin levels in 83.3%). The abnormal postprandial dynamics of hormone levels was associated with more pronounced changes in parameters corresponding to the metabolically unhealthy obesity (elevated glucose and triglyceride levels, increased HOMA-IR index) and disturbed eating behavior. The postprandial dynamics of hormones involved in the regulation of appetite and energy balance suggests the presence of different subtypes of obesity. Those subtypes, which probably reflect the resistance to these hormones and/or their deficiency developing in obesity, are characterized by the worse characteristics of metabolic health.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement no. 075-15-2022-301 of April 20, 2022).

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  1. Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. Yu. Babenko & G. A. Matveev

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Conceptualization and experimental design (A.Yu.B.); patient recruiting, data collection and statistical processing (G.A.M.); writing and editing of the manuscript (A.Yu.B., G.A.M.).

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Correspondence to A. Yu. Babenko.

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The authors declare that they have neither evident nor potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article.

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Translated by A. Polyanovsky

Russian Text © The Author(s), 2022, published in Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2022, Vol. 108, No. 9, pp. 1159–1174https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869813922090047.

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Babenko, A.Y., Matveev, G.A. Imbalance of Hormones Involved in Energy Balance Regulation in Obese Patients: a Study of Its Relationship with Disturbed Eating Behavior and Abnormal Metabolic Parameters. J Evol Biochem Phys 58, 1491–1502 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093022050192

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