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Morphological and Histophysiological Features of the Brain Capillary Endothelium

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Abstract

The review addresses current ideas about the morphological and histophysiological features of the brain capillary endothelium with a special focus on the ultrastructure of endotheliocytes, which are part of the neurovascular unit. The relationship between their main characteristics and the implementation of the barrier function is discussed. The specificity of intercellular contacts in capillary endotheliocytes within the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the structure of their cytoskeleton and glycocalyx are analyzed. The structural peculiarities of capillaries in the neurogenic niches, as well as in the anatomical formations, where the BBB is absent or poorly expressed, are considered. A separate section of the review is devoted to transcellular transport of substances (transcytosis) in cerebral endotheliocytes. Despite a wealth of publications on the subject, many issues remain unresolved, and the study of the structure and functioning of the cerebral microvascular endothelium is still on the agenda.

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Funding

The writing of this review was supported by the state budget of the Russian Federation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia

    T. I. Baranich, A. V. Brydun & V. S. Sukhorukov

  2. N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Egorova, T. I. Baranich, A. V. Brydun, V. V. Glinkina & V. S. Sukhorukov

Authors
  1. A. V. Egorova
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  2. T. I. Baranich
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  3. A. V. Brydun
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  4. V. V. Glinkina
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  5. V. S. Sukhorukov
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Contributions

Writing a manuscript (A.V.E.); surveying the pertinent publications (E.A.V., T.I.B., A.V.B., V.S.S., V.V.G.); editing a manuscript (V.S.S., V.V.G.).

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Correspondence to A. V. Egorova.

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The authors declare that they have neither evident nor potential conflict of interest associated with the publication of this article.

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Translated by A. Polyanovsky

Russian Text © The Author(s), 2022, published in Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2022, Vol. 108, No. 5, pp. 562–578https://doi.org/10.31857/S086981392205003X.

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Egorova, A.V., Baranich, T.I., Brydun, A.V. et al. Morphological and Histophysiological Features of the Brain Capillary Endothelium. J Evol Biochem Phys 58, 755–768 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093022030115

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093022030115

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