Abstract
The process of additional acceleration of nonthermal electrons during their stochastic interaction with the turbulence of whistlers propagating along a flare loop is studied. The degree of influence of the effect on the pitch-angle scattering, energy, and spatial distributions of electrons has been estimated. It is shown that at a certain energy density, whistler turbulence can strongly affect not only pitch-angle scattering, but also electron acceleration in a flare loop, which results in a rapid and significant (by orders of magnitude) increase in the concentration of high-energy (E = 100–5000 keV) electrons that is also accompanied by a significant flattening of their energy spectrum.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Arnold, H., Drake, J.F., Swisdak, M., et al., Electron acceleration during macroscale non-relativistic magnetic reconnection, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2021, vol. 126, no. 13, id 135101.
Avrett, E.H. and Loeser, R., Models of the solar chromosphere and transition region from SUMER and HRTS observations: Formation of the extreme-ultraviolet spectrum of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 2008, vol. 175, no. 1, pp. 229–276.
Bespalov, P.A. and Trakhtengerts, V.Yu., On the regimes of turbulent diffusion by pitch-angles in a geomagnetic trap, Fiz. Plazmy, 1979, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 383–390.
Bespalov, P.A. and Trakhtengerts, V.Yu., Al’fvenovskie mazery (Alfvén Masers), Gor’kii: IPF AN SSSR, 1986.
Charikov, Yu.E., Mel’nikov, V.F., and Kudryavtsev, I.V., Intensity and polarization of the hard X-ray radiation of solar flares at the top and footpoints of a magnetic loop, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2012, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1021–1031.
Filatov, L.V. and Melnikov, V.F., Microwave emission of a flare loop in the presence of whistler turbulence, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2020, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 1137–1145.
Filatov, L.V., Melnikov, V.F., and Gorbikov, S.P., Dynamics of the spatial distribution of electrons and their gyrosynchrotron emission characteristics in a collapsing magnetic trap, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2013, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1007–1012.
Ginzburg, V.L. and Syrovatskii, S.I., Proiskhozhdenie kosmicheskikh luchei (The Origin of Cosmic Rays), Moscow: AN SSSR, 1963.
Hamilton, R.J. and Petrosian, V., Stochastic acceleration of electrons and effects of collisions in solar flares, Astrophys. J., 1992, vol. 398, no. 10, pp. 350–358.
Hamilton, R.J., Lu, E.T., and Petrosian, V., Numerical solution of the time-dependent kinetic equation for electrons in magnetized plasma, Astrophys. J., 1990, vol. 354, no. 1, pp. 726–734.
Huang, G., Melnikov, V.F., Ji, H., and Ning, Z., Solar Flare Loops: Observations and Interpretations, Springer Singapore, 2018.
Kadomtsev, B.B., Plasma turbulence, in Voprosy teorii plazmy (Problems in Plasma Theory), Moscow: Atomizdat, 1964, vol. 4, pp. 188–339.
Kaplan, S.A. and Tsytovich, V.N., Plasma Astrophysics, Oxford: Pergamon, 1973.
Kong, X., Guo, F., Shen, C., et al., The acceleration and confinement of energetic electrons by a termination shock in a magnetic trap: An explanation for nonthermal loop-top sources during solar flares, Astrophys. J. Lett., 2019, vol. 887, no. 8, id L37.
Mal’tseva, O.A. and Chernov, G.P., Kinetic amplification (attenuation) of whistlers in the solar corona, Kinematika Fiz. Nebesnykh Tel, 1989, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 44–54.
Melnikov, V.F. and Filatov, L.V., Conditions whistler generation nonthermal electrons in flare loop, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2020, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 1126–1131.
Melnikov, V.F. and Filatov, L.V., Nonthermal electron diffusion modes in whistler turbulence in flare loops, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2021, vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 1189–1196.
Melnikov, V.F., Gorbikov, S.P., Reznikova, V.E., and Shibasaki, K., Distribution of relativistic electrons along flaring loops, Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci., 2006, vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 1684–1687.
Melrose, D.B., Resonant scattering of particles and second phase acceleration in the solar corona, Sol. Phys., 1974, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 353–365.
Melrose, D.B., Plasma Astrophysics, vol. 2, Sydney–New York, 1980.
Miller, J.A., Electron acceleration in solar flares by fast mode waves: Quasi-linear theory and pitch-angle scattering, Astrophys. J., 1997, vol. 491, no. 12, pp. 939–951.
Miller, J.A. and Ramaty, R., Relativistic electron transport and bremsstrahlung production in solar flares, Astrophys. J., 1989, vol. 344, no. 15, pp. 973–990.
Petrosian, V. and Pryadko, J.M., Stochastic acceleration of electrons by plasma waves. III. Waves propagating perpendicular to the magnetic field, Astrophys. J., 1999, vol. 515, pp. 873–881.
Somov, B.V. and Kosugi, T., Collisionless reconnection and high-energy particle acceleration in solar flares, Astrophys. J., 1997, vol. 485, no. 2, pp. 859–868.
Stepanov, A.V. and Tsap, Y.T., Electron–whistler interaction in coronal loops and radiation signatures, Sol. Phys., 2002, vol. 211, pp. 135–154.
Syrovatskii, S.I., Key issues of the flare theory, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR: Ser. Fiz., 1979, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 695–707.
Tsytovich, V.N., Teoriya turbulentnoi plazmy (Theory of Turbulent Plasma), Moscow: Atomizdat, 1971.
Vedenov, A.A., Velikhov, E.P., and Sagdeev, R.Z., Quasi-linear theory of plasma, Yad. Sint., 1962, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 465–475.
Wentzel, D.G., Condition for “storage” of energetic particles in the solar corona, Astrophys. J., 1976, vol. 208, pp. 595–608.
Zaitsev, V.V. and Stepanov, A.V., Coronal magnetic arcs, Phys.-Usp., 2008, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 1123–1160.
Funding
The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 22-12-00308 (VFM) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. 20-52-26 006 (LVF).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by O. Ponomareva
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Filatov, L.V., Melnikov, V.F. Additional Stochastic Acceleration of Nonthermal Electrons during Their Interaction with Whistler Turbulence in Flare Loops. Geomagn. Aeron. 62, 1059–1065 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793222080102
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793222080102