Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Statistical Analysis of the Link between the Decrease in the Global Solar Magnetic Field in Cycle 24 and the Coronal Mass Ejection Parameters

  • Published:
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During cycle 24, it is observed that both the polar and nonpolar magnetic fields of the Sun are becoming weaker relative to those in cycle 23; consequently, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is decreasing. The mean values of the density, speed, and pressure of the solar-wind stream are also decreasing. A statistical study of the link of the IMF and the solar wind with the parameters of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) has shown that in cycle 24 the decrease in both the IMF and the solar-wind parameters are consistent with a decrease in the speed, angular width, mass, and energy of CMEs averaged over the Carrington rotation. The dependences of the CME parameters on the IMF magnitude are shifted toward lower magnitudes of the magnetic field and differ in cycles 23 and 24. The number of CMEs at the minimum of cycle 24 is significantly higher than that at the minimum of cycle 23, which may be a consequence of a decrease in the polar magnetic field at the minimum of cycle 24. A decrease in the average values of the parameters of CMEs with increasing their number suggests that in cycle 24 the number of weak CMEs is increasing. It is possible that a decrease in the average speed of CMEs and an increase in the number of CMEs with speeds below 700 km/s influenced a decrease in the average solar-wind speed in cycle 24.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Bale, S.D., Horbury, T.S., Velli, M., et al., A solar source of alfvenic magnetic field switchbacks: In situ remnants of magnetic funnels on supergranulation scales, Astrophys. J., 2021, vol. 923, id 174.

  2. Bilenko, I.A., Influence of the solar global magnetic-field structure evolution on CMEs, Sol. Phys., 2014, vol. 289, pp. 4209–4237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bilenko, I.A., Statistical studies of coronal mass ejections and coronal holes, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2017, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 952–963.

  4. Bilenko, I.A., Determination of the coronal and interplanetary magnetic field strength and radial profiles from large-scale photospheric magnetic fields, Sol. Phys., 2018, vol. 293, no. 7, id 106.

  5. Bilenko, I.A., Influence of cycle variations in the global solar magnetic field on characteristics of the interplanetary plasma, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2020a, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 948–957.

  6. Bilenko, I.A., Relations between coronal mass ejections and the photospheric magnetic field in cycles 23 and 24, Astrophys. J., 2020, vol. 889, no. 1, id 1.

  7. Chen, P.F., Coronal mass ejections: models and their observational basis, Living Rev. Sol. Phys., 2011, vol. 8, id 1.

  8. Dagnew, F.K., Gopalswamy, N., Tessema, S.B., et al., Intercycle and intracycle variation of halo CME rate obtained from SOHO/LASCO observations, Astrophys. J., 2020, vol. 903, no. 2, id 118.

  9. Fainshtein, V.G. and Ivanov, E.V., Relationship between CME parameters and large-scale structure of solar magnetic fields, Sun Geosphere, 2010, vol. 5, pp. 28–33.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Filippov, B.P., Eruptivnye protsessy na Solntse (Eruptive Processes on the Sun), Moscow: Fizmatlit, 2007.

  11. Gopalswamy, N., Lara, A., Lepping, R.P., et al., Interplanetary acceleration of coronal mass ejections, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2000, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 145–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Michalek, G., et al., The SOHO/LASCO CME catalog, Earth Moon Planet, 2009, vol. 104, pp. 295–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gopalswamy, N., Akiyama, S., Yashiro, S., et al., Anomalous expansion of coronal mass ejections during solar cycle 24 and its space weather implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2014, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 2673–2680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gopalswamy, N., Xie, H., Akiyama, S., et al., The peculiar behavior of HALO coronal mass ejections in solar cycle 24, Astrophys. J. Lett., 2015, vol. 804, id L23.

  15. Gopalswamy, N., Akiyama, S., and Yashiro, S., The state of the heliosphere revealed by limb halo coronal mass ejections in solar cycles 23 and 24, Astrophys. J. Lett., 2020, vol. 897, id L1.

  16. Howard, T.A., Nandy, D., and Koepke, A.C., Kinematic properties of solar coronal mass ejections: Correction for projection effects in spacecraft coronagraph measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 2008, vol. 113, A01104.

    Google Scholar 

  17. King, J.H. and Papitashvili, N.E., Solar wind spatial scales in and comparisons of hourly wind and ACE plasma and magnetic field data, J. Geophys. Res., 2005, vol. 110, A02104.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Klimchuk, J.A., Theory of coronal mass ejections, in Space Weather, Song, P., Singer, H.J., and Siscoe, G.L., Eds., Am. Geophys. Union, 2001, vol. 125, pp. 143–157.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Luhmann, J.G., Li, Y., Liu, Y., et al., Heliospheric space weather at the start of cycle 24, in AGU Fall Meeting, 2011, abstract id SH31D-04.

  20. Petrie, G.J.D., Solar magnetic activity cycles, coronal potential field models and eruption rates, Astrophys. J., 2013, vol. 768, id 162.

  21. Petrie, G.J.D., On the enhanced coronal mass ejection detected rate since the solar cycle 23 polar field reversal, Astrophys. J., vol. 812, id 74.

  22. Schmieder, B., Magnetic source regions of coronal mass ejections, J. Astrophys. Astron., 2006, vol. 27, id 139.

  23. Smith, E.J. and Balogh, A., Decrease in heliospheric magnetic flux in this solar minimum: Recent Ulysses magnetic field observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2008, vol. 35, L22103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Temmer, M., Rollett, T., Möstl, C., et al., Influence of the ambient solar wind flow on the propagation behavior of interplanetary coronal mass ejection, Astrophys. J., 2011, vol. 743, id 101.

  25. Wang, Y.-M., Robbrecht, E., and Sheely, N.R., On the weakening of the polar magnetic fields during solar cycle 23, Astrophys. J., 2009, vol. 707, id 1372.

  26. Yermolaev, Y.I., Lodkina, I.G., Khokhlachev, A.A., et al., Drop of solar wind at the end of the 20th century, J. Geophys. Res., 2021, vol. 126, no. 9, id e29618.

  27. Zhao, L.-L., Zank, G.P., He, J.S., et al., MHD and ion kinetic waves in field-aligned flows observed by Parker Solar Probe, Astrophys. J., 2021, vol. 922, id 188.

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The following catalogs were used in this study: the OMNI2 (King and Papitashvili, 2005), the Sunspot data from the World Data Center SILSO (Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels), and the СDAW SOHO/LASCO catalog. This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and the Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. Wilcox Solar Observatory data used in this study were obtained via the web site http://wso.stanford.edu at 2018:03:11 01:13:34 PST courtesy of J.T. Hoeksema. The Wilcox Solar Observatory is currently supported by NASA.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    I. A. Bilenko

Authors
  1. I. A. Bilenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. A. Bilenko.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Translated by E. Petrova

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bilenko, I.A. Statistical Analysis of the Link between the Decrease in the Global Solar Magnetic Field in Cycle 24 and the Coronal Mass Ejection Parameters. Geomagn. Aeron. 62, 1105–1116 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793222080060

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793222080060

Search

Navigation