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Geochemistry of alkali and nepheline syenites of the Ukrainian Shield: ICP-MS data

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Abstract

We present new geochemical data on alkali and nepheline syenites from various complexes of different age within the Ukrainian Shield. The results reveal a correlation between the content of trace elements in the syenites, their assignment to a particular rock complex, the chemistry of primary melts, and the degree of their differentiation. The data also suggest regional geochemical heterogeneity in the ultramafic-alkaline complexes of the Ukrainian Shield. The alkali and nepheline syenites in the ultramafic-alkaline massifs from the eastern and western parts of the region exhibit similar REE contents and Eu/Eu* ratios but are markedly different in Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf content and are of the miaskitic type. These rocks have lower REE, Nb, and Zr and higher Sr and Ba compared with early foidolites. The rocks of the gabbro-syenite complexes define a distinct Fe-enrichment fractionation trend from early syenitic intrusions to more differentiated varieties; they are also characterized by lower Sr, Ba, and Eu/Eu* and significantly lower contents of some major elements, e.g., Ti, Mg, and P. The agpaitic index and concentrations of Zr, Nb, Y, and REE increase in the same direction. A similar geochemical feature is observed in the alkali syenites genetically associated with anorthositerapakivi-granite plutons, which show incompatible-element enrichment and strong depletion in Sr and Ba. The distinctive evolutionary trends of alkali and nepheline syenites from different rock complexes of the Ukrainian Shield can be explained by different mechanisms of their formation. The main petrogenetic mechanism controlling the distribution of trace elements in the rocks of ultramafic-alkaline complexes was the separation of parent melts of melanephelinite and melilitite types into immiscible phonolite and carbonatite liquids. The gabbro-syenite complexes and alkali syenites from anorthosite-rapakivi granite plutons evolved via crystallization differentiation, which involved extensive feldspar fractionation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Ore Formation, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. akademika Palladina 34, Kiev, 03642, Ukraine

    A. V. Dubyna & S. G. Kryvdik

  2. V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    V. V. Sharygin

  3. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    V. V. Sharygin

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  1. A. V. Dubyna
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  2. S. G. Kryvdik
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  3. V. V. Sharygin
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Correspondence to S. G. Kryvdik.

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Original Russian Text © A.V. Dubyna, S.G. Kryvdik, V.V. Sharygin, 2014, published in Geokhimiya, 2014, No. 10, pp. 907–923.

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Dubyna, A.V., Kryvdik, S.G. & Sharygin, V.V. Geochemistry of alkali and nepheline syenites of the Ukrainian Shield: ICP-MS data. Geochem. Int. 52, 842–856 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702914080023

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