Abstract
The available data on geographic distribution, habitat preferences, and phenology of species of the genus Bittacus Latreille, 1805 in European Russia and the adjacent regions of Kazakhstan are summarized and clarified. Bittacus italicus (Müller, 1766) is recorded for the first time from Volgograd Province of Russia and from Kazakhstan. The potential diagnostic features of B. italicus and B. hageni Brauer, 1860 are analyzed. New characters of wing venation are proposed for identifying both sexes of these species.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Bakhtiev, A.M., Specially protected natural territories of the Chechen Republic and development of their optimal system, Refleksiya, 2011, no. 1, p. 3.
Bornemissza, G.F., Observations on the hunting and mating behaviour of two species of scorpion flies (Bittacidae: Mecoptera), Aust. J. Zool., 1966, vol. 14, p. 371.
Brauer, F., Beiträge zur Kenntniss des inneren Baues und der Verwandlung der Neuropteren, Verh. Kaiser.-König. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1855, vol. 5, p. 701.
Brauer, F., Bittacus hageni, eine neue europäische Art, beschrieben und mit den verwandten Arten verglichen, Verh. Kaiser.-König. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1860, vol. 10, p. 691.
Brauer, F., Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Lebensweise und Verwandlung der Neuropteren (Micromus variegatus Fabr., Panorpa communis L., Bittacus italicus Klg., Bittacus hageni Brau.), Verh. Kaiser.-König. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1871, vol. 21, p. 107.
Crossley, A.C. and Waterhouse, D.F., The ultrastructure of a pheromone-secreting gland in the male scorpion-fly Harpobittacus australis (Bittacidae: Mecoptera), Tissue Cell, 1969, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 273.
Devetak, D., The genus Bittacus Latr. (Bittacidae, Mecoptera) in Yugoslavia and Albania, Z. Arbeits. Österreich. Entomol., 1991, vol. 43, no. 1, p. 51.
Dobosz, R. and Hadas, T.B., Bittacus italicus (O.F. Müller, 1766) (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) w Polsce i na Ukrainie, Wiad. Entomol., 1999, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 145.
Dobosz, R. and Pacuk, B., Bittacus hageni Brauer, 1860 – a new locality in northern Poland, and a summary of current knowledge of the distribution and biology of this species, Ann. Upper Siles. Mus. Bytom Entomol., 2018, vol. 26, p. 1.
Dorokhova, G.I. and Martynova, O.M., 26. Order Mecoptera: scorpionflies, in Opredelitel’ nasekomykh evropeiskoi chasti SSSR (Key to Insects of the European Part of the USSR), Vol. 4: Bol’shekrylye, verblyudki, setchatokrylye, skorpionovye mukhi i rucheiniki. Shestaya chast’ (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera, Mecoptera, and Trichoptera. Sixth Part), Leningrad: Nauka, 1987, p. 97.
Esben-Petersen, P., Mecoptera. Monographic Revision. Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps. Catalogue Systématique et Descriptif. Fasc. 5, Part 2, 1921.
Gao, Q. and Hua, B.Z., Co-evolution of the mating position and male genitalia in insects: a case study of a hangingfly, PLoS ONE, 2013, vol. 8, no. 12: e80651, p. 1.
Gwynne, D.T., Nuptial feeding behaviour and female choice of mates in Harpobittacus similis (Mecoptera: Bittacidae), J. Aust. Entomol. Soc., 1984, vol. 23, p. 271.
Londt, J.G.H., Mecoptera of Southern Africa, J. Entomol. Soc. South. Afr., 1972, vol. 35, no. 2, p. 313.
Martynova, O.M., Scorpionflies (Mecoptera) in the fauna of the USSR. III. Family Bittacidae, Entomol. Obozr., 1959, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 196.
Nidergas, V., Contribution à l’étude des Mécoptères de France. Bittacus italicus (Müller, 1766), une nouvelle espèce pour le département de la Savoie (France, Rhône-Alpes) (Mecoptera Bittacidae), L’Entomologiste, 2014, vol. 70, no. 3, p. 217.
Penny, N.D. and Byers, G.W., A check-list of the Mecoptera of the World, Acta Amazon., 1979, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 365.
Petschenka, G., On the morphology of Bittacus hageni Brauer, 1860 and Bittacus italicus (Müller, 1766) (Mecoptera: Bittacidae), Entomol. Z., 2006, vol. 116, no. 3, p. 124.
Plutenko, A.V., 26. Order Mecoptera, Scorpionflies, in Opredelitel’ nasekomykh Dal’nego Vostoka Rossii (Key to Insects of the Russian Far East), Vol. 4: Setchatokryloobraznye, skorpionnitsy, pereponchatokrylye (Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, and Hymenoptera, Part 1), St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1995, p. 68.
Prisnyi, A.V., Bittacus hageni Br., in Krasnaya kniga Belgorodskoi oblasti. Redkie i ischezayushchie rasteniya, lishainiki, griby i zhivotnye. Ofitsial’noe izdanie (Red Data Book of Belgorod Province. Rare and Endangered Plants, Lichens, Fungi, and Animals: an Official Edition), Belgorod, 2005, p. 358.
Przybyłowicz, Ł., Bittacus hageni Brauer, 1860 (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) – new to the fauna of Poland, with some remarks on Polish specimen of Bittacus italicus (O. F. Müller, 1766), Pol. Pismo Entomol., 2006, vol. 75, no. 3, p. 333.
Shchurov, V.I. and Makarkin, V.N., New data on snakeflies (Neuroptera: Raphidioptera) and scorpionflies (Mecoptera) of the Northwest Caucasus, Caucasian Entomol. Bull., 2017, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 77.
Snodgrass, R.E., Principles of Insect Morphology, London: Comstock, 1935.
Tan, J.L. and Hua, B.Z., Bicaubittacus, a new genus of the Oriental Bittacidae (Mecoptera) with descriptions of two new species, Zootaxa, 2009, no. 2221, p. 27.
Tillier, P., Contribution à l’étude des Mécoptères de France. Troisième partie: présence de Bittacus hageni Brauer dans le Val-d’Oise (Île-de-France, France). Synthèse des données françaises et européennes (Mecoptera Bittacidae), L’Entomologiste, 2008, vol. 64, no. 3, p. 131.
Tillier, P., Danflous, S., Giacomino, M., Jacquemin, G., Maurel, J.-P., and Mazel, R., Cartographie des Mécoptères de France (Mecoptera: Panorpidae, Bittacidae, Boreidae), Rev. Assoc. Roussillon. Entomol., 2009, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 1.
Tjeder, B., Zwei neue ost-asiatische Bittacus-Arten (Mecoptera: Bittacidae), Beitr. Entomol., 1956, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 45.
Tjeder, B., 18. Mecoptera, in Taxonomist’s Glossary of Genitalia in Insects, Tuxen, S.L., Ed., Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1970, p. 99.
Tjeder, B., Bittacidae from Burma, collected by R. Malaise (Mecoptera), Entomol. Tidskr., 1974, vol. 94, no. 3, p. 188.
Tourneur, J., Redécouverte pour l’ouest de la France d’un insecte rare en Europe: Bittacus hageni Brauer, 1860 (Mecoptera: Bittacidae), Invert. Armoric., 2019, vol. 20, p. 8.
Uvarov, B.P., Materials on the fauna of Orthoptera of the Ural Province, Tr. Russ. Entomol. Obshch., 1910a, vol. 39, p. 359.
Uvarov, B.P., On the fauna of Lepidoptera of the Trans-Ural Kirghiz steppe, Russ. Entomol. Obozr., 1910b, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 161.
Uvarov, B.P. and Borodin, D.N., An essay on the flora of the middle Emba basin, Russ. Bot. Zh., 1909, no. 6, p. 94.
Vidlička, Ľ., Srpice (Mecoptera) PR Šúr, in Príroda rezervácie Šúr, Majzlan, O. and Vidlička, Ľ., Eds., Bratislava: Ústav Zoológie SAV, 2010, p. 277.
Vidlička, Ľ. and Kmeťová, I., First record of Bittacus hageni (Insecta: Mecoptera, Bittacidae) in Slovakia, Biologia (Bratislava), 2002, vol. 57, no. 2, p. 170.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are very grateful to A.L. Ozerov and A.A. Gusakov for the opportunity of studying the ZMMU collection, to E.V. Ilyina (Makhachkala) for help with organizing research, to A.V. Prisnyi (Belgorod) for valuable data on the findings of Bittacus in Belgorod Province and the photo of one specimen, to A.S. Prosvirov (Moscow) for the photos of B. italicus habitats in Volgograd Province, and to V.A. Krivokhatsky for the opportunity of studying the labels of some Bittacus specimens in the ZIN collection.
Funding
This work was carried out within the framework of State research assignments 121032300105-0 and 121032300064-0 at Moscow State University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All the applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All the procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Savitsky, V.Y., Timokhov, A.V. New Data on the Distribution of Species of the Genus Bittacus (Mecoptera, Bittacidae) in European Russia and Kazakhstan, with Notes on Their Diagnoses. Entmol. Rev. 101, 647–659 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873821050067
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873821050067