Abstract
The effects of day length on preimaginal development and reproductive maturation of females of laboratory strains which originated from two native: Irkutsk (Siberia, Russia) and Daegu (South Korea) and two invasive: Sochi (Caucasus, Russia) and Pardubice (Czechia) populations of Harmonia axyridis were investigated under the laboratory conditions. In all the 4 strains, the acceleration of development caused by the short day (all other conditions being equal) was relatively stronger in those larvae that later, at the adult stage, delayed reproductive maturation. This correlation can be considered as an indirect proof that both reactions are based on the common physiological mechanism. However, comparison of the parameters of photoperiodic responses showed that although the photoperiodic effect on reproductive maturation in individuals from Sochi and Pardubice invasive populations was relatively weak, the effect of day length on the rate of their preimaginal development was even somewhat stronger than that of individuals from Irkutsk and Daegu native populations. This uncorrelated interpopulation variation of the quantitative and qualitative photoperiodic responses suggests that in spite of the common physiological mechanism, the responses influencing preimaginal development and reproductive maturation of H. axyridis are to a certain extent independent and thus the evolution of their parameters (in particular, adaptation to new climate conditions) occurs independently.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akhmedov, R.M., “Dependence of the Larval Development Duration of Different Populations of the Heart and Dart Moth (Agrotis exclamationis L.) on Temperature and Light Conditions,” Vestn. Zool. 1, 62–67 (1972).
Akhmedov, R.M. and Abdinbekova, A.A., “Factors Controlling Development and Diapause of the Broom Moth Mamestra genistae Bkh (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae),” Entomol. Obozr. 56(4), 713–720 (1977).
Belyakova, N.A. and Balueva, E.N., “Prospects for Use of the Polymorphous Cultures and Maleless Strains of Harmonia axyridis Pall. for Biological Plant Protection,” Inform. Bull. EPS IOBC 38, 35–39 (2007).
Belyakova, N.A. and Reznik, S.Ya., “First Record of the Harlequin Ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, in the Caucasus,” Europ. J. Entomol. 110(4), 699–702 (2013).
Berkvens, N., Bonte, J., Berkvens, D., Tirry, L., and De Clercq, P., “Influence of Diet and Photoperiod on Development and Reproduction of European Populations of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae),” BioControl 53(1), 211–221 (2008).
Bobinskaya, S.G., “The Influence of the Ecological Conditions on the Life Cycle of Hadena sordia Bkh.,” Zool. Zh. 45(11), 1659–1665 (1966).
Bradshaw, W.E. and Lounibos, L.P., “Photoperiodic Control of Development in the Pitcher-Plant Mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii,” Canad. J. Zool. 50(6), 713–719 (1972).
Brown, P.M.J., Thomas, C.E., Lombaert, E., Jeffries, D.L., Estoup, A., and Handley, L.-J.L., “The Global Spread of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Distribution, Dispersal and Routes of Invasion,” BioControl 56(4), 623–641 (2011).
Chernyshev, V.B., Insect Ecology (Izd-vo MGU, Moscow, 1996) [in Russian].
Clark, S.H. and Platt, A.P., “Influence of Photoperiod on Development and Larval Diapause in the Viceroy Butterfly Limenitis archippus,” J. Insect Physiol. 15(10), 1951–1957 (1969).
Danilevsky, A.S., Photoperiodism and Seasonal Development of Insects (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1965).
Danks, H.V., “The Elements of Seasonal Adaptations in Insects,” Canad. Entomol. 139(1), 1–44 (2007).
Denlinger, D.L., “Induction and Termination of Pupal Diapause in Sarcophaga (Diptera: Sarcophagidae),” Biol. Bull. 142(1), 11–24 (1972).
Denlinger, D.L., “Regulation of Diapause,” Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47, 93–122 (2002).
Deseó, K.V. and Sáringer, G.Y., “Photoperiodic Effect on Fecundity of Laspeyresia pomonella, Grapholitha punebrana, and G. molesta: the Sensitive Period,” Entomol. Exp. Appl. 18(2), 187–193 (1975).
Doležal, P., Habuštová, O., and Sehnal, F., “Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on the Rate of Larval Development, Food Conversion Efficiency, and Imaginal Diapause in Leptinotarsa decemlineata,” J. Insect Physiol. 53(8), 849–857 (2007).
Goryshin, N.I. and Akhmedov, R.M., “Photoperiod and Temperature as Factors of Development of the Noctuid Agrotis ypsilon (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae),” Zool. Zh. 50(1), 56–66 (1971).
Goto, S.G., “Roles of Circadian Clock Genes in Insect Photoperiodism,” Entomol. Sci. 16(1), 1–16 (2013).
Gotthard, K., “Life History Plasticity in the Satyrine Butterfly Lasiommata petropolitana: Investigating an Adaptive Reaction Norm,” J. Evol. Biol. 11(1), 21–39 (1998).
Hodek, I., “Diapause/Dormancy” in Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Blackwell Publishing, Chichester, UK, 2012), pp 275–342.
Honěk, A., “Regulation of Diapause, Number of Instars, and Body Growth in the Moth Species Amathes c-nigrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae),” Entomol. Gen. 5(3), 221–229 (1979).
Ismail, S. and Fuzeau-Braesch, S., “Programmation de la Diapause chez Gryllus campestris,” J. Insect Physiol. 22(1), 133–139 (1976).
Kamm, J.A., “Photoperiodic Regulation of Growth in an Insect: Response to Progressive Changes in Daylength,” J. Insect Physiol. 18(9), 1745–1749 (1972).
Kim, N., Hong, S.J., Seol, K.Y., and Kim, S.H., “Short Daylengths Accelerate Nymphal Development of the Emma Field Cricket, Teleogryllus emma (Orthoptera: Gryllidae),” J. Asia-Pacif. Entomol. 11(1), 13–15 (2008).
Kipyatkov, V.E. and Lopatina, E.B., “Intraspecific Variation of Thermal Reaction Norms for Development in Insects: New Approaches and Prospects,” Entomol. Obozr. 89(1), 33–61 (2010) [Entomol. Rev. 90 (2), 163–184 (2010)]
Koch, R.L., “The Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle, Harmonia axyridis: A Review of its Biology, Uses in Biological Control, and Non-Target Impacts,” J. Insect Sci. 3(32), 1–16 (2003).
Koch, R.L. and Galvan, T.L., “Bad Side of a Good Beetle: the North American Experience with Harmonia axyridis,” BioControl 53(1), 23–35 (2008).
Koštál, V. and Shimada, K., “Malfunction of Circadian Clock in the Non-Photoperiodic-Diapause Mutants of the Drosophilid Fly, Chymomyza costata,” J. Insect Physiol. 47(11), 1269–1274 (2001).
Kutcherov, D.A. and Kipyatkov, V.E., “Control of Preimaginal Development by Photoperiod and Temperature in the Dock Leaf Beetle Gastrophysa viridula (De Geer) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae),” Entomol. Obozr. 90(2), 249–271 (2011) [Entomol. Rev. 91 (6), 692–708 (2011)].
Kutcherov, D.A., Lopatina, E.B., and Kipyatkov, V.E., ”Photoperiod Modifies Thermal Reaction Norms for Growth and Development in the Red Poplar Leaf Beetle Chrysomela populi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae),” J. Insect Physiol. 57(7), 892–898 (2011).
Leimar, O., “Life History Plasticity: Influence of Photoperiod on Growth and Development in the Common Blue Butterfly,” Oikos 76(2), 228–234 (1996).
Lopatina, E.B., Balashov, S.V., Kipyatkov, V.E., “First Demonstration of the Influence of Photoperiod on the Thermal Requirements for Development in Insects and in Particular the Linden-Bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae),” Europ. J. Entomol. 104(1), 23–31 (2007).
Lopatina, E.B., Kipyatkov, V.E., Balashov, S.V., and Kutcherov, D.A., “Photoperiod -Temperature Interaction — a New Form of Seasonal Control of Growth and Development in Insects and, in particular, in the Carabid Beetle, Amara communis (Coleoptera: Carabidae),” Zhurn. Evol. Biokhim. Fisiol. 47(6), 491–503 (2011) [J. Evol. Biochem. Physiol. 47 (6), 578–592 (2011)].
Meuti, M.E. and Denlinger, D.L., “Evolutionary Links between Circadian Clocks and Photoperiodic Diapause in Insects,” Integr. Comp. Biol. 53(1), 131–143 (2013).
Musolin, D.L. and Saulich, A.K., “Photoperiodic Control of Nymphal Growth in True Bugs (Heteroptera),” Zool. Zh. 76(5), 530–542 (1997) [Entomol. Rev. 77 (6), 768–780 (1997)].
Musolin, D.L., Tsytsulina, K., and Ito, K., “Photoperiodic and Temperature Control of Reproductive Diapause Induction in the Predatory Bug Orius strigicollis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and Its Implications for Biological Control,” Biol. Contr. 31(1), 91–98 (2004).
Nakamura, K., “Effect of Photoperiod on the Size-Temperature Relationship in a Pentatomid Bug, Dolycoris baccarum,” J. Thermal Biol. 27(6), 541–546 (2002).
Nedved, O. and Honěk, A., “Life History and Development,” in Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Blackwell Publishing, Chichester, UK, 2012), pp. 54–109.
Nylin, S. and Gotthard, K., “Plasticity in Life-History Traits,” Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43, 63–83 (1998).
Nylin, S., Wickman, P.E.R.O., and Wiklund, C., “Life-Cycle Regulation and Life History Plasticity in the Speckled Wood Butterfly: are Reaction Norms Predictable?” Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 55(2), 143–157 (1995).
Ongagna, P. and Iperti, G., “Influence of Temperature and Photoperiod on Harmonia axyridis Pall. (Col., Coccinellidae): Rapidly Obtaining Fecund Adults or in Dormancy,” J. Appl. Entomol. 117(3), 314–317 (1994).
Orlova-Bienkowskaja, M.Ya., “A Dangerous Invasive Lady Beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in European Russia,” Ross. Zh. Biol. Invas. 1, 75–81 (2013).
Pegoraro, M., Gesto, J.S., Kyriacou, C.P., and Tauber, E., “Role for Circadian Clock Genes in Seasonal Timing: Testing the Bünning Hypothesis,” PLoS Genetics 10(9), e1004603 (2014).
Reznik, S.Ya., “On the Effects of Diet and Photoperiod on Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) Larval Development,” Entomol. Obozr. 89(2), 273–278 (2010) [Entomol. Rev., 90 (4), 411–414 (2010)].
Reznik, S.Ya. and Belyakova, N.A., “Photoperiodic Effects on Development and Maturation in the Invasive European Population of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae),” Trudy Russ. Entomol. Ova 84(2), 107–113 (2013).
Reznik, S.Ya. and Vaghina, N.P., “Photoperiodic Control of Development and Reproduction in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae),” Europ. J. Entomol. 108(3), 385–390 (2011).
Reznik, S.Ya. and Vaghina, N.P., “Effects of Photoperiod and Diet on Diapause Tendency, Maturation and Fecundity in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae),” J. Appl. Entomol. 137(6), 452–461 (2013).
Reznik, S.Ya., Dolgovskaya, M.Yu., Ovchinnikov, A.N., and Belyakova, N.A., “Weak Photoperiodic Response Facilitates the Biological Invasion of the Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae),” J. Appl. Entomol., DOI: 10.1111/jen.12158 (2014).
Roy, H.E. and Wajnberg, E., “From Biological Control to Invasion: the Ladybird Harmonia axyridis as a Model Species,” BioControl 53(1), 1–4 (2008).
Salminen, T.S., Vesala, L., and Hoikkala, A., “Photoperiodic Regulation of Life-History Traits before and after Eclosion: Egg-to-Adult Development Time, Juvenile Body Mass and Reproductive Diapause in Drosophila montana,” J. Insect Physiol. 58(12), 1541–1547 (2012).
Saulich, A.Kh. and Musolin, D.L., “Univoltinism and its Regulation in some Temperate True Bugs (Heteroptera),” Europ. J. Entomol. 93(3), 507–518 (1996).
Saulich, A.H. and Musolin, D.L., “Four Seasons: Diversity of Seasonal Adaptations and Ecological Mechanisms Controlling Seasonal Development in True Bugs (Heteroptera) in the Temperate Climate,” Proc. Biol. Inst. St. Petersburg State Univ. 53, 25–106 (2007).
Saulich, A.Kh. and Musolin, D.L., “Diapause in the Seasonal Cycle of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) from the Temperate Zone,” Entomol. Obozr. 90(4), 740–744 (2011) [Entomol. Rev. 92 (1), 1–26 (2012)].
Saulich, A.Kh. and Volkovich, T.A., Ecology of Photoperiodism in Insects (Izd. SPbGU, St. Petersburg, 2004) [in Russian].
Saunders, D.S., “A Diapause Induction — Termination Asymmetry in the Photoperiodic Responses of the Linden bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus and an Effect of Near-Critical Photoperiods on Development,” J. Insect Physiol. 29(5), 399–405 (1983).
Saunders, D.S., Steel, C.G.H., Vafopoulou, X., and Lewis, R.D., Insect Clocks (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2002).
Stekol’nikov, A.A., “Scientific and Pedagogical Activity of Professor Viktor Petrovich Tyshchenko (1937–1986),” Proc. Biol. Inst. St. Petersburg State Univ. 53, 3–24 (2007).
Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., and Masaki, S., Seasonal Adaptations of Insects (Oxford Univ., New York, 1986).
Tyshchenko, V.P., Physiology of Insect Photoperiodism (Trudy Vses. Entomol. O-va 59),” (Nauka, Leningrad, 1977) [in Russian].
Tyshchenko, V.P., “The Signal and Vital Action of Ecological Factors,” Zh. Obshch. Biol. 41(5), 655–667 (1980).
Tyshchenko, V.P. and Gasanov, O.G., “Comparative Investigation of the Photoperiodic Regulation of Diapause and Pupal Weight in Several Moth Species (Lepidoptera),” Zool. Zh. 62(1), 63–68 (1983).
Tyshchenko, V.P. and Tyshchenko, G.F., “Seasonal Adaptations of the spotted cutworm Graphiphora c-nigrum L. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae),” Entomol. Obozr. 67(1), 11–19 (1988).
Tyshchenko, V.P., Lanevich, V.P., and Gasanov, O.G., “Correlations of Quantitative and Qualitative Manifestations of Photoperiodism in the Cabbage Moth (Barathra brassicae),” Zh. Obshch. Biol. 38(2), 264–276 (1977).
Ukrainsky, A.S. and Orlova-Bienkowskaja, M.J., “Expansion of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to European Russia and Adjacent Regions,” Biol. Invas. 16(5), 1003–1008 (2014).
Williams, K.D., Schmidt, P.S., and Sokolowski, M.B., “Photoperiodism in Insects: Molecular Basis and Consequences of Diapause,” in Photoperiodism: The Biological Calendar (Oxford Univ., New York, 2010), pp. 287–317.
Zaslavski, V.A., “Interrelations of Quantitative and Qualitative Reactions in Insect Photoperiodism,” Zool. Zh. 54(6), 913–921 (1975).
Zaslavski, V.A., “The Qualitative Evaluation of the Photoperiodic Information: Does it Exist,” Zh. Obshch. Biol. 40(2), 189–201 (1979).
Zaslavski, V.A., Photoperiodic and Temperature-Based Control of Insect Development (Proc. ZIN AN SSR) (Nauka, Leningrad, 1984) [in Russian].
Zaslavski, V.A., “The Diversity of Environmental Factors Controlling Insect Seasonal Development and the Possible Unity of Underlying Physiological Mechanism,” Entomol. Obozr. 75(2), 233–243 (1996).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © S.Ya. Reznik, A.N. Ovchinnikov, M.Yu. Dolgovskaya, N.A. Belyakova, 2015, published in Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 2015, Vol. 94, No. 1, pp. 35–52.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Reznik, S.Y., Ovchinnikov, A.N., Dolgovskaya, M.Y. et al. Interspecific variation in photoperiodic effect on the rate of preimaginal development in Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Entmol. Rev. 95, 15–27 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873815010029
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873815010029