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Glutaredoxin 1 from Evolutionary Ancient Hydra: Characteristics of the Enzyme and Its Possible Functions in Cell

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Abstract

Glutaredoxin (Grx) is an antioxidant redox protein that uses glutathione (GSH) as an electron donor. Grx plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as antioxidant defense, control of cellular redox state, redox control of transcription, reversible S-glutathionylation of specific proteins, apoptosis, cell differentiation, etc. In the current study, we have isolated and characterized dithiol glutaredoxin from Hydra vulgaris Ind-Pune (HvGrx1). Sequence analysis showed that HvGrx1 belongs to the Grx family with the classical Grx motif (CPYC). Phylogenetic analysis and homology modeling revealed that HvGrx1 is closely related to Grx2 from zebrafish. HvGrx1 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli cells; the purified protein had a molecular weight of 11.82 kDa. HvGrx1 efficiently reduced β-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) with the temperature optimum of 25°C and pH optimum 8.0. HvGrx1 was ubiquitously expressed in all body parts of Hydra. Expression of HvGrx1 mRNA and enzymatic activity of HvGrx1 were significantly upregulated post H2O2 treatment. When expressed in human cells, HvGrx1 protected the cells from oxidative stress and enhanced cell proliferation and migration. Although Hydra is a simple invertebrate, HvGrx1 is evolutionary closer to its homologs from higher vertebrates (similar to many other Hydra proteins).

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Abbreviations

GSH:

glutathione

HvGrx1:

Hydra vulgaris glutaredoxin 1

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Shekhar Mande (National Centre for Cell Science, Pune) and Ms. Sapna Sugandhi for their help and advice in protein purification. NP, KP, and GB acknowledge the financial support through the fellowships from the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi. SG is an Emeritus Scientist of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi.

Funding

SSG sincerely acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology for Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (DST-PURSE), Government of India [F-5-2/2005(SAP-II)], University Grant Commission-Centre for Advance Studies (UGC-CAS) (grant GOI-A-670 to the Department of Zoology), Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU) for funding. NP and SPM gratefully acknowledge the Project-based Innovative Research Mentorship Program (ASPIRE) of SPPU.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, 411007, Pune, India

    Nusrat Perween, Komal Pekhale, Gauri Haval & Saroj S. Ghaskadbi

  2. Department of Zoology, M. C. E. Society’s Abeda Inamdar Senior College, 411001, Pune, India

    Nusrat Perween

  3. Department of Zoology, Abasaheb Garware College, 411004, Pune, India

    Gauri Haval

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, 411007, Pune, India

    Ganesh S. Bose & Smriti P. K. Mittal

  5. Developmental Biology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, 411004, Pune, India

    Surendra Ghaskadbi

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Contributions

NP, SG, and SSG conceived the idea. NP, KP, GH, GB, and SPM performed experiments and analyzed the data. NP, SSG wrote the manuscript. NP, KP, GH, SPM, SG, and SSG reviewed the final draft of the manuscript. SSG supervised the study.

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Correspondence to Saroj S. Ghaskadbi.

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Perween, N., Pekhale, K., Haval, G. et al. Glutaredoxin 1 from Evolutionary Ancient Hydra: Characteristics of the Enzyme and Its Possible Functions in Cell. Biochemistry Moscow 88, 667–678 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297923050097

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