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Normalization of Calcium Balance in Striatal Neurons in Huntington’s Disease: Sigma 1 Receptor as a Potential Target for Therapy

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Abstract

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative, dominantly inherited genetic disease caused by expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin gene. At the cellular level, HD is characterized by the accumulation of mutant huntingtin protein in brain cells, resulting in the development of the HD phenotype, which includes mental disorders, decreased cognitive abilities, and progressive motor impairments in the form of chorea. Despite numerous studies, no unambigous connection between the accumulation of mutant protein and selective death of striatal neurons has yet been established. Recent studies have shown impairments in the calcium homeostasis in striatal neurons in HD. These cells are extremely sensitive to changes in the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium and its excessive increase leads to their death. One of the possible ways to normalize the balance of calcium in striatal neurons is through the sigma 1 receptor (S1R), which act as a calcium sensor that also exhibits modulating chaperone activity upon the cell stress observed during the development of many neurodegenerative diseases. The fact that S1R is a ligand-operated protein makes it a new promising molecular target for the development of drug therapy of HD based on the agonists of this receptor.

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Abbreviations

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

HD:

Huntington’s disease

IP3 :

inositol trisphosphate

IP3R1:

inositol trisphosphate receptor type 1

Htt:

huntingtin

mHtt:

mutant huntingtin

MSN:

medium spiny neuron

NMDAR:

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

S1R:

sigma 1 receptor

SOCE:

store operated calcium entry

STIM:

stromal interaction molecule

VGCC:

voltage-gated calcium channel

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-15-00184, “The role of calcium in the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease” section) and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 18-34-00994, “The role of the sigma 1 receptor as a modulator of calcium balance in neurons in Huntington’s disease” section).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

    Nina A. Kraskovskaya & Ilya B. Bezprozvanny

  2. Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75390, Dallas, TX, USA

    Ilya B. Bezprozvanny

Authors
  1. Nina A. Kraskovskaya
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  2. Ilya B. Bezprozvanny
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Correspondence to Nina A. Kraskovskaya.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest. This article does not describe any research involving humans or animals as objects.

Additional information

Published in Russian in Biokhimiya, 2021, Vol. 86, No. 4, pp. 554-563, https://doi.org/10.31857/S0320972521040072.

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Kraskovskaya, N.A., Bezprozvanny, I.B. Normalization of Calcium Balance in Striatal Neurons in Huntington’s Disease: Sigma 1 Receptor as a Potential Target for Therapy. Biochemistry Moscow 86, 471–479 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297921040076

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297921040076

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