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Receptor Functions of Semaphorin 4D

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Abstract

Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is a multifunctional protein widely expressed in an organism that plays an important role in the control of many physiological and pathological processes, including immunoregulation, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. It was first described almost 30 years ago and has been actively studied since then. However, with rare exceptions, all studies of the Sema4D activity proceed from the assumption that semaphorin is a ligand that acts through specific receptors (CD72 and plexins) and that the main targets of Sema4D in different tissues are cells that carry these receptors on the membrane. This review analyzes the data indicating the presence of an alternative mechanism for the regulatory activity of Sema4D that involves the functioning of membrane semaphorin as a receptor ensuring the outside-in signaling. Cell signaling pathways mediated by the membrane Sema4D and their contribution to the Sema4D-dependent regulation of cell functions are discussed.

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Abbreviations

BCR:

B cell receptor

NK cells:

natural killer cells

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Funding

Funding. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 19-015-00379) and the State Budget Project no. 01201353248.

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  1. Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, Perm, Russia

    E. M. Kuklina

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Correspondence to E. M. Kuklina.

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Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest in financial or any other sphere.

Published in Russian in Biokhimiya, 2019, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 1259–1266.

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Kuklina, E.M. Receptor Functions of Semaphorin 4D. Biochemistry Moscow 84, 1021–1027 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297919090049

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