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The Relationship Between the Composition of Root Exudates and the Efficiency of Interaction of Wheat Plants with Microorganisms

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Abstract

Plant roots secrete various organic substances into the rhizosphere, which are a source of nutrition for microorganisms and largely determine the nature of plant–microbe interactions. The composition of the main fractions of root exudates in ten modern varieties of wheat was determined: the contents of amino acids, organic acids, and sugars were analyzed. Reliable qualitative and quantitative differences between varieties for individual components of exudates were revealed, which determined the peculiarities of cultivar clustering on this trait. Relationships between exudation and the effectiveness of plant interaction with the growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SPB2137 and the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum 30 in laboratory systems, as well as with the resistance of the varieties to diseases in the field, were found. The number of P. fluorescens SPB2137 in the root zone positively correlated with the amounts of many amino acids, as well as maltose, secreted by the roots. The stimulating effect of rhizobacteria on root growth positively correlated with the amount of released glucose and melibiose. A relationship between the nature of root exudation and root colonization or the susceptibility of the varieties to F. culmorum 30 was not found. An analysis of the correlations between the incidence of wheat varieties in the field and the intensity of exudation of certain substances, as well as with the biocomposition index of amino acid exudation, was carried out. The role of root exudate components in the formation of effective plant-microbial systems is discussed.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to P.S. Ulyanich (All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology) for constructing Fig. 4.

Funding

The work on plant cultivation and analysis of root exudates was supported financially by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 15-04-09023). Mathematical and bioinformatics work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 22-26-00341).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. I. Shaposhnikov, A. A. Belimov, T. S. Azarova, O. K. Strunnikova, N. A. Vishnevskaya, N. I. Vorobyov, O. S. Yuzikhin & I. A. Tikhonovich

  2. National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko, Central Estate of KNIISH, 350012, Krasnodar, Krasnodar Krai, Russia

    L. A. Bespalova

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  1. A. I. Shaposhnikov
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Shaposhnikov, A.I., Belimov, A.A., Azarova, T.S. et al. The Relationship Between the Composition of Root Exudates and the Efficiency of Interaction of Wheat Plants with Microorganisms. Appl Biochem Microbiol 59, 330–343 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S000368382303016X

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