Abstract
Results of long-term measurements and an analysis of the temporal variability of the total contents (TC) of O3 and NO2 at the Kislovodsk High-Altitude Scientific Station (KHASS) and the Zvenigorod Scientific Station (ZSS) of the A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, are presented. At the KHASS, ozone measurements have been conducted since 1989 by direct and zenith-scattered ultraviolet solar radiation. The total content of NO2 was measured at the KHASS by direct solar radiation in the visible wavelength range in the morning and evening from 1981 to 2008. At the ZSS, NO2 measurements have been conducted since 1990 by zenith-scattered visible solar radiation during morning and evening twilights. The long-term variability of measurement data are analyzed using the multivariate linear regression method. Annual and seasonally dependent estimates of the linear trends of O3 and NO2 have been obtained. A common feature of the long-term trends in the TCs of O3 at the KHASS and NO2 at the ZSS and KHASS is the significant trends in the winter–spring season. The NO2 trends at the two stations are negative, and the trend at the KHASS is stronger than at the ZSS. The O3 trend at the KHASS changes its sign from positive to negative around the 2000s. For both species, estimates have been obtained for variations in their total contents associated with external (solar activity) and circulation factors.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are grateful to the reviewer for useful comments. The results of NO2 TC measurements at the ZSS and O3 TC measurements at the KHASS are archived by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC), respectively. Solar activity index F10.7 data are freely available from the NOAA National Center for Environmental Information and the Natural Resources Canada. Data on the zonal velocity of the equatorial stratospheric wind were prepared by the Free University of Berlin. The Niño-3.4 index was provided by the NOAA Physical Science Laboratory. The AO index data were provided by the Climate Research Unit of the University of East Anglia. The data on aerosol optical depth were prepared by the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. The monthly mean ERA5 data for the ZSS and KHASS coordinates were downloaded from the Climate Data Store.
Funding
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within project no. 20-05-00274 (measurements at the ZSS) and the Russian Science Foundation within project no. 21-17-00210 (data analysis).
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Translated by V. Arutyunyan
This paper is based on an oral presentation delivered at the All-Russian Conference “Intrinsic Radiation, Structure and Dynamics of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere” (Moscow, November 22–23, 2021).
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Gruzdev, A.N., Arabov, A.Y., Elokhov, A.S. et al. Long-Term Observations of Stratospheric Species at the A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences: Analysis of Trends and Interannual Variations in the Total Contents of O3 and NO2. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 58, 270–283 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433822030069
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433822030069