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Sedimentary-Condensation Model of Formation of Hydrocarbon Fields in the South Caspian Basin

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This paper summarizes and analyzes the results of long-term field and analytical studies, as well as petroleum-field data (measurements of temperatures and productivity of wells, analyses of the physicochemical properties of hydrocarbons (HCs) and the hydrochemical composition of waters, etc.) for onshore and offshore fields and mud volcanoes in the South Caspian Basin (SCB). In the last 30 years, research has been carried out using the most modern methods: 3D seismic exploration, rock pyrolysis, isotope-geochemical and biomarker studies of organic matter (OM) and HCs, a reconstruction of the thermal history of the basin, basin modeling, etc. The resulting data, taking into account global experience in studying oil and gas systems of other sedimentary basins, formed the basis for the sedimentary-condensation model of the formation of HC fields in the SCB developed by the author. The model uses predictive estimates of the temperatures and phase state of HCs at the base of various stratigraphic complexes. It is shown that, under severe temperature conditions in the basal layers of the sedimentary strata (temperatures of 250–500°С), a gas consisting mainly of methane and water vapor is formed as a result of cracking of liquid HCs. The dominant role of vapor-gas solutions (having an increased ability to dissolve high-molecular OM) in the mass transfer of liquid HCs to traps, accompanied by phase differentiation of the fluid during ascending migration, has been substantiated. Under conditions of a high degree of closure of deeply buried sediments, the main pathways of pulse-injection focused migration of fluids are deep faults, and systems of crevices and channels of mud volcanoes.

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  1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, AZ1143, Baku, Azerbaijan

    A. A. Feyzullayev

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Feyzullayev, A.A. Sedimentary-Condensation Model of Formation of Hydrocarbon Fields in the South Caspian Basin. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 57, 1349–1366 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433821100042

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