Abstract
This article examines the impact on developing countries of some of the initiatives under the Trade and Environment Agenda, namely agreement on environmental goods and services, carbon border adjustment mechanisms and the circular economy. It highlights the need for a positive international Trade and Environment Agenda which could facilitate green technology transfers, provide additional finance to developing countries and adequate policy and fiscal space that could help developing countries’ progress on their trade, environment, and development goals.
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Australia; Canada; Chad; Chile; Costa Rica; the European Union; Gambia; Fiji; Iceland; Japan; Korea; Liechtenstein; Maldives; Mexico; Moldova; Montenegro; New Zealand; North Macedonia; Norway; Senegal; the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu; Switzerland; and the United Kingdom.
Doha WTO Ministerial 2001: Ministerial Declaration, WT/MIN(01)/DEC/1, 20 November 2001.
The CLEG provides the Harmonized System (HS) 6-digit level codes of 248 products which are derived from a combination of the following three lists: (i) the OECD’s indicative list of more than 150 climate change-relevant goods for a plurilateral environmental goods and services (PEGS) agreement (OECD 2010); (ii) from the more than 400 environmental goods submitted by WTO members for negotiations, including the subset of 154 products proposed by the ‘Friends Group’ for trade negotiation46 (WTO 2009); and (iii) the list of 54 products for which reductions in tariffs have been negotiated by the Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries.
WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2.
References
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OECD. 2020. CO2 emissions embodied in international trade and domestic final demand: Methodology and results using the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Database. Science, Technology and Industry. Working Papers No. 2020/11. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/8f2963b8-en
UNCTAD. 2021a. Trade and Development Report, From recovery to resilience: The development dimension. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UN.
UNCTAD. 2021b. A European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Implications for developing countries, United Nations.
WTO. 2009. Communication under paragraph 31 (III) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration, http://www.nerpor.pt/component/phocadownload/category/2-nerpor?download=17:friends-list-2009
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Banga, R. Trade and Environment: Can International Trading Rules Help?. Development 65, 10–13 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-022-00332-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-022-00332-5