Abstract
Aerospace manufacturing is one of the few manufacturing industries where the U.S. still holds a dominant position, possessing a significant competitive advantage over other nations. The industry is a source of well-paid jobs and maintains a large trade surplus. Aerospace manufacturers are highly dependent on sales to airlines and the government, especially the U.S. military. Growing global demand for air travel and volatile fuel prices have led to a surge in demand for new commercial aircraft, causing a surge in commercial aerospace sales. On the other hand, military and overall government spending cuts have caused the industry’s defense and space segment sales to fall. The dichotomy of the industry’s various segments does not only come down to performance, with each segment differing from the other in trade, innovation, competition, and consolidation trends.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), 2015. 2014 Year-end review and forecast. http://www.aia-aerospace.org/assets/2014_AIA_Annual_report_web.pdf.
———, 2016a. U.S. exports of aerospace products Calendar Years 2010–2015. http://www.aia-aerospace.org/assets/Series_06_-_Exports.pdf.
———, 2016b. U.S. imports of aerospace products calendar years 2010–2015. http://www.aia-aerospace.org/assets/Series_07_-_Imports.pdf.
Air Transport Action Group, 2016. Facts & figures. http://www.atag.org/facts-and-figures.html.
Battelle. 2013. 2014 Global R&D funding forecast. https://www.battelle.org/docs/tpp/2014_global_rd_funding_forecast.pdf.
Berger, Rick and Mackenzie Eaglen. 2016. 2017 Defense budget: offset promising, but today’s procurement disproportionately pays the bills. American Enterprise Institute. https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/eaglen-berger-3.pdf.
Black, Thomas and Julie Johnsson. 2014. “Boeing’s bid for price cuts seen squeezing partsmakers.” Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-02-10/boeing-s-bid-for-price-cuts-seen-squeezing-partsmakers.
Boeing, 2015. Current market outlook 2015–2034. http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/about-our-market/assets/downloads/Boeing_Current_Market_Outlook_2015.pdf.
———, 2016a. 787 Design highlights. http://www.boeing.com/commercial/787/#/design-highlights/exceptional-value/lower-fuel-consumption/.
———, 2016b. 787 Orders & deliveries. http://www.boeing.com/commercial/#/orders-deliveries.
Cameron, Doug, 2016a. “SpaceX Wins U.S. Military Contract to Send Satellite Into Orbit.” The Wall Street Journal. http://www.wsj.com/articles/spacex-wins-u-s-military-contract-to-send-satellite-into-orbit-1461872882.
———, 2016b. “Boeing’s defense chief looks beyond fighters.” The Wall Street Journal. http://www.wsj.com/articles/boeings-defense-chief-looks-beyond-fighters-1465551001.
Capaccio Tony, Danielle Ivory and Kathleen Miller. 2013. “Flawed F-35 Too Big to Kill as Lockheed Hooks 45 States.” Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-02-22/flawed-f-35-fighter-too-big-to-kill-as-lockheed-hooks-45-states.
CFM International, 2016. About CFM. http://www.cfmaeroengines.com/about.
Cooper, Helene and Mark Mazzetti. 2015. “Sale of U.S. arms fuels the wars of Arab States.” The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/19/world/middleeast/sale-of-us-arms-fuels-the-wars-of-arab-states.html?_r=0.
Daniels, Jeff. 2015. “M&A seen increasing among US defense companies.’” CNBC. http://www.cnbc.com/2015/11/27/ma-seen-increasing-among-us-defense-companies.html.
———, 2016. “US has depleted much of munitions needed against ISIS.’” CNBC. http://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/26/us-has-depleted-much-of-munitions-needed-against-isis.html.
Davenport, Christian and Brian Fung. 2016. “Sierra Nevada Corp. joins SpaceX and Orbital ATK in winning NASA resupply contracts.’” The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/01/14/nasa-expected-to-soon-announce-contracts-to-resupply-the-international-space-station/.
Dehoff, Kevin, John Dowdy and Sung Kwon. 2014. “Defense offsets: From ‘contractual burden’ to competitive weapon.” McKinsey&Company.
Deloitte. 2015. 2015 global aerospace and defense sector financial performance study. http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Manufacturing/gx-mnfg-a-and-d-financial-perf-study-2015.pdf.
Deutch, John. 2001. Consolidation of the U.S. defense industrial base. PricewaterhouseCoopers. http://www.pwc.com/us/en/industrial-products/publications/assets/pwc-aerospace-defense-industry-mergers-acquisitions-q1-2016.pdf.
FitzGerald, Ben and Kelley Sayler. 2014. Creative disruption: Technology, strategy and the future of the global defense industry. Center for a New American Security.
Gouré, Daniel. 2016. “Foreign Military Sales Remain An Important Tool Of U.S. National Security.” Lexington Institute.http://lexingtoninstitute.org/foreign-military-sales-remain-an-important-tool-of-u-s-national-security/.
Government Accountability Office (GAO), 2010. Defense acquisitions: Additional Guidance Needed to Improve Visibility into the Structure and Management of Major Weapon System Subcontracts. http://www.gao.gov/assets/100/97156.pdf.
———, 2015. Defense contracting: DOD’s use of competitive procedures. http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/669998.pdf
Hamilton, Scott. 2016. “Boeing gives United A smoking deal on 737s to block bombardier from gaining traction.” Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/scotthamilton5/2016/03/08/united-boeing-and-the-competitors/#56a41dda68cb.
Hensel, Nayantara. 2016. The defense industry: Tradeoffs between fiscal constraints and national security challenges. Business Economics 51(2):111–122.
Hollinger, Peggy and Jennifer Thompson. 2016. “Airbus opposes any attempt to revive Honeywell-UTC deal.” The Financial Times. https://next.ft.com/content/3cf850fe-dae1-11e5-98fd-06d75973fe09.
IBISWorld Staff, 2015. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Manufacturing, Industry Report OD4424. IBISWorld.
———, 2016a. Aircraft, engines & parts manufacturing in the U.S, industry report 33641a. IBISWorld.
———, 2016b. Space vehicle & missile manufacturing in the U.S, industry report 33641b. IBISWorld.
IBISWorld, 2016. IBISWorld data wizard. http://clients1.ibisworld.com/reports/us/industrywizard/.
International Air Transport Association (IATA), 2015. Economic performance of the airline industry, industry forecast-December 2015. http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents/economics/Central-forecast-end-year-2015-tables.pdf.
International Monetary Fund, 2016, World economic outlook (April 2016), Data Mapper. http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php.
Kaplan, Fred. 2009. “They scrapped the F-22!” Slate. http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2009/07/they_scrapped_the_f22.html.
Kelly, Tim. 2014. “Japan to keep its share of production of Boeing’s new 777X aircraft.” Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-777x-workshare-idUSBREA3R0NX20140428.
Khimm, Suzyv 2012. “The sequester, explained.” The Washington post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2012/09/14/the-sequester-explained/.
Krauskopf, Lewis. 2015. “Oil price plunge could leave helicopters sputtering.” Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/oil-helicopters-idUSL1N0UO2JB20150115.
Lopez, Toddv 2015. “Armed Aerial Scout still valid requirement, Army says.” The United State Army. https://www.army.mil/article/144918/Armed_Aerial_Scout_still_valid_requirement__Army_says/.
M&A International, 2015. Aerospace & Defense Report; 2014 in Review. https://www.mergers.net/sites/default/files/MAI_Aerospace%2BDefense_Report_2015_lores.pdf.
Malik, Tariq. 2010. “Obama budget scraps NASA Moon plan for ‘21st century space program.’” Space.com. http://www.space.com/7849-obama-budget-scraps-nasa-moon-plan-21st-century-space-program.html.
Marx, Chuck. 2016. Mission control. PricewaterhouseCoopers. http://www.pwc.com/us/en/industrial-products/publications/assets/pwc-aerospace-defense-industry-mergers-acquisitions-q1-2016.pdf.
Michaels, Daniel. 2012. “The Secret Price of a Jet Airliner.” The Wall Street Journal. http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303649504577494862829051078.
Parker, Andrew. 2012. “Aerospace: A dogfight for the duopoly.” The Financial Times. https://next.ft.com/content/e4fd444c-dbc8-11e1-8d78-00144feab49a.
Scott, Alwynv. 2015. “Boeing uses its clout to control supplier consolidation.” Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-boeing-m-a-insight-idUSKCN0QZ0HS20150830.
Sullivan, Michael. 2014. Defense acquisitions: Addressing incentives is key to further reform efforts. Government Accountability Office (GAO). http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/662837.pdf.
The Economist, 2014. “Gearing up for a fight.” http://www.economist.com/news/business/21594987-pratt-whitney-hopes-high-tech-engine-will-restore-its-former-dominance-gearing-up-fight.
United Nations World Tourism Organization, 2015. UNWTO Tourism Highlights. http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416899.
U.S. Census Bureau, 2016. Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) Survey. http://www.census.gov/econ/currentdata/dbsearch?program=M3&startYear=1992&endYear=2016&categories=NAP&dataType=VS&geoLevel=US¬Adjusted=1&submit=GET+DATA&releaseScheduleId=.
U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2016a. Public Budget Database, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2017, Outlays 2000–2015. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/pagedetails.action?collectionCode=BUDGET&granuleId=BUDGET-2017-DB-2&packageId=BUDGET-2017-DB&fromBrowse=true.
———, 2016b. Historical tables, budget of the United States government, fiscal year 2017, table 3.2-Outlays by Function and Subfunction 2000–2015. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/pagedetails.action?collectionCode=BUDGET&granuleId=BUDGET-2017-TAB-4-2&packageId=BUDGET-2017-TAB&fromBrowse=true.
———, 2016c. Historical tables, budget of the United States government, fiscal year 2017, table 4.1-Outlays by Agency 2000-2015. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/pagedetails.action?collectionCode=BUDGET&granuleId=BUDGET-2017-TAB-4-2&packageId=BUDGET-2017-TAB&fromBrowse=true.
U.S. International Trade Commission, 2016. Interactive Tariff and Trade DataWeb. http://dataweb.usitc.gov/.
Wall, Mikev. 2015. “A manned mission to mars is closer to reality than ever: NASA.” Space.com. http://www.space.com/30580-nasa-manned-mars-mission-reality.html.
Weisgerber, Marcus. 2016. “America’s last fighter jet makers scramble to keep production alive.” Defense one. http://www.defenseone.com/business/2016/05/americas-last-fighter-jet-makers-scramble-keep-production-alive/128274/.
Wolf, Jim. 2013. “Analysis: U.S. arms sales to Asia set to boom on Pacific “pivot”.” Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-asia-arms-sales-idUSBRE90005D20130101.
Yeung, Andrew. 2010. Exploring the financial benefits of U.S. arms export production. Naval Postgraduate School.
Zacks Equity Research, 2015. United technologies closes sikorsky sale to lockheed Martin. https://www.zacks.com/stock/news/197365/united-technologies-closes-sikorsky-sale-to-lockheed-martin?cid=CS-NASDAQ-FT-197365.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
*Maksim Soshkin is a Senior Analyst at IBISWorld, an industry research firm providing business intelligence. He has authored a number of reports, with a particular focus on the aerospace, defense, and transportation sectors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Soshkin, M. The US Aerospace Industry: A Manufacturing Powerhouse. Bus Econ 51, 166–180 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1057/s11369-016-0008-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s11369-016-0008-y