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Fit, misfit, and beyond fit: Relational metaphors and semantic fit in international joint ventures

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Abstract

We propose that metaphorical descriptions of newly formed international joint ventures (IJVs) contain important, diagnostic information regarding the way these cross-border alliances are managed and perform. In three studies, we examine how relational metaphors reflect semantic fit, or the IJV partners’ cognitive match of managerial schemas and their capability to recontextualize communications regarding alliance operations. We find IJV partners that share relational metaphors achieve superior outcomes, reflecting aligned managerial approaches to controlling shared resources and joint activities. Further, formal ownership as equity share moderates the impact managerial schemas implied by metaphors have on subjective, time-lagged performance of IJVs. Our analysis of metaphorical language not only reveals the way newly formed IJVs are managed, but also highlights performance variations associated with complex patterns of IJV controls.

Abstract

Nous suggérons que les descriptions métaphoriques de joint ventures internationales (JVI) nouvellement formées contiennent des informations d’analyse importantes concernant la manière dont ces alliances transfrontalières sont gérées et mises en oeuvre. Dans le cadre de trois études, nous examinons comment les métaphores relationnelles reflètent l’adéquation sémantique, ou l’adéquation cognitive des schémas managériaux des partenaires de JVI et leur capacité à recontextualiser la communication concernant les opérations d’alliance. Nous constatons que les partenaires de JVI qui partagent les métaphores relationnelles atteignent de meilleurs résultats, reflétant des approches managériales alignées pour contrôler les ressources partagées et les activités communes. Par ailleurs, la propriété formelle - comme la répartition du capital - modère l’impact que les schémas managériaux induits par des métaphores ont sur la performance subjective et décalée dans le temps des JVI. Notre analyse du langage métaphorique révèle non seulement la manière dont les JVI nouvellement formées sont gérées, mais souligne également les variations de performance associées aux modalités complexes de contrôle des JVI.

Abstract

Proponemos que las descripciones metafóricas de las empresas conjuntas (joint ventures) internacionales (IJV) recientemente formadas contienen información importante de diagnóstico con respecto a la formas en que estas alianzas transfronterizas se gestionan y realizan. En tres estudios, examinamos como las metáforas relacionales reflejan un ajuste semántico, o el emparejamiento cognitivo de los esquemas generacionales y su capacidad de re-contextualizar las comunicaciones con respecto a las operaciones de la alianza. Encontramos que los socios de las empresas conjuntas internacionales que comparten metáforas relacionales consiguen mayores resultados, reflejando enfoques gerenciales alineados para el control de los recursos compartidos y las actividades conjuntas. Además, la propiedad formal como participación de capital modera el impacto que los esquemas gerenciales implícitos en metáforas tienen con respecto al rendimiento subjetivo y de tiempo retardado de las empresas conjuntas internacionales. Nuestro análisis del lenguaje metafórico no solamente revela la manera como las recién formadas empresas conjuntas internacionales son gerenciadas, sino que también resalta las variaciones de rendimientos asociados con complejos patrones de controles de las empresas conjuntas internacionales.

Abstract

Propomos que as descrições metafóricas de joint ventures internacionais (IJVs) recém-formadas contêm importantes informações de diagnóstico sobre a forma como essas alianças transfronteiriças são gerenciadas e realizadas. Em três estudos, examinamos como metáforas relacionais refletem ajuste semântico, ou a combinação cognitiva de esquemas de gestão dos parceiros da IJV e sua capacidade de recontextualizar as comunicações relativas às operações da aliança. Nós concluímos que parceiros de IJV que compartilham metáforas relacionais alcançam resultados superiores, refletindo abordagens gerenciais alinhadas para controlar os recursos compartilhados e atividades conjuntas. Além disso, a propriedade formal sob a forma de participação no capital modera o impacto que esquemas de gestão inferidas por metáforas têm sobre o desempenho subjetivo e defasado por tempo das IJVs. A nossa análise da linguagem metafórica revela não somente a maneira pela qual as recém-formadas IJVs são geridas, mas também destaca as variações de desempenho associadas com padrões complexos de controles de IJV.

Abstract

我们认为对新成立的国际合资企业 (IJVs) 的比喻描述包含了关于这些跨国联盟管理和执行方式的重要诊断信息。在三项研究中, 我们研究关系比喻如何反映语义契合, IJV伙伴管理模式的认知匹配, 及他们关于联盟运营沟通再情景化的能力。我们发现那些共享关系比喻的IJV伙伴取得了卓越的成果, 这反映了对控制共享资源和联合活动相一致的管理方法。此外, 正式的所有权如股份减轻了管理模式的比喻对IJV的主观、时滞绩效的影响。我们对比喻语言的分析不仅揭示了新成立的IJVs的管理方式, 而且强调了与IJV控制的复杂形态相关的绩效变化。

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Acknowledgements

Earlier versions of this article received helpful comments from Susanne Tietze, three anonymous reviewers, and seminar participants at Nanyang Business School, Peking University, Toulouse Business School, and the People At Work (PAW) Group of Georgia State University. We appreciate Wei Cai, Claudia Dale, Brigid Scarbrough, and Xiang Geng for research assistance. Financial support for this research was provided to Leigh Anne Liu in the form of a faculty summer research grant and CIBER research grant from Georgia State University’s Robinson College of Business.

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  1. Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA

    Leigh Anne Liu & Daniel C Bello

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

    Wendi L Adair

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Accepted by Susanne Tietze, Guest Editor, 9 March 2015. This article has been with the authors for four revisions.

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Liu, L., Adair, W. & Bello, D. Fit, misfit, and beyond fit: Relational metaphors and semantic fit in international joint ventures. J Int Bus Stud 46, 830–849 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2015.13

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