Skip to main content

From the Balkans to Central Europe and Back: The Foreign Policy of Slovenia

  • Chapter
The Foreign Policies of Post-Yugoslav States

Part of the book series: New Perspectives on South-East Europe ((NPSE))

Abstract

This chapter presents an empirical analysis of the substance and strategy of Slovenian foreign policy. Before analyzing Slovenian foreign policy as policy — what and how in terms of values, objectives, instruments and strategy (Carlsnaes 2006) — it turns to Slovenian foreign policy as process — formulation, decision-making, implementation and feedback — to discuss the internal foreign policy environment (Hill 2003). The chapter pursues two goals: first, an assessment of the extent to which Slovenian foreign policy in substance and strategy is a continuation of the foreign policy of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), and second, an analysis of Slovenian foreign policy towards other states from the region of the former SFRY, where special attention is put on explaining continuities and fundamental shifts in this policy over the last 20 years. After an historical introduction about independence, recognition and relevant external material and demographic semi-material factors of its foreign policy environment (Hill 2003), the chapter discusses the institutional mechanism of Slovenian foreign policy-making. Therein, the development of foreign policy, relations of Slovenia to the other post-Yugoslav states and the importance of historical continuity and change in the country’s foreign policy since independence are outlined. The chapter features an empirical analysis of secondary and relevant primary sources, including foreign policy strategic and legislative documents, and is concluded by a synthesis of the main arguments with a conceptual insight for further investigation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Benderly, J., and E. Craft. Independent Slovenia. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benko, V. ‘O vprašanju prioritet v zunanji politiki Slovenije [On the Question of Priorities in the Slovenian Foreign Policy].’ Teorija in praksa, 29 (1/2), 1992: 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bojinović Fenko, A. Premoščanje ločnice med proučevanjem mednarodnih odnosov in zunanje politike: primer mednarodnega regionalizma. [Bridging the Gap Between the Study of International Relations and Foreign Policy; The Case of International Regionalism]. Ljubljana: Založba FDV., 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bojinović, A. ‘Geographical Proximity and Historical Context as a Basis of Active Foreign Policy Strategy of Small European States — The Case of Austria and Slovenia Regarding the Western Balkans.’ Politics in Central Europe, 1 (1), 2005: 8–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bojinović Fenko, A., and J. Požgan. ‘Regionalisation of Slovenian Foreign Policy: Escape from Balkans, Return to Western Balkans.’ Studia Historica Slovenica, 14 (1), 2014: 55–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breuning, M. Foreign Policy Analysis: A Comparative Introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brglez, M. ‘Diplomatic Relations, Modern Law of Diplomacy and the Republic of Slovenia, Selected Aspects.’ Journal of International Relations and Development, 3 (1–4), 1996: 54–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinar, I., and M. Svetličič. ‘Enlargement of the European Union, the Case of Slovenia.’ Journal of European Public Policy, 6 (5), 1999: 802–821.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bučar, B. ‘Universalism and Regionalism in Slovene Foreign Policy.’ Development and International Cooperation, 7 (14–15), 1992: 139–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bučar, B. ‘Slovenia.’ In Political and Economic Transformation in East Central Europe, by H. Neuhold, P. Havlik and A. Suppan, 281–293. Boulder: Westview Press, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bučar, B. ‘Stroka in politika ob deseti obletnici Slovenske zunanje politike [Profession and Politics at the Tenth Anniversary of Slovenian Foreign Policy].’ Teorija in praksa, 38 (1), 2001: 142–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bučar, B. Contribution in Pogovori o prihodnosti Slovenije pri predsedniku Slovenije [Debates About the Future of Slovenia Hosted by the President of Slovenia]. Slovenia and the European Union, Ljubljana: Urad Predsednika Republike Slovenije, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bučar, B., and I. Brinar. ‘Slovenian Foreign Policy.’ In Civil Society, Political Society, Democracy, by A. Bibič and G. Graziano, 425–447. Ljubljana: Slovenian Political Science Association, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsnaes, W. ‘Foreign Policy.’ In Handbook of International Relations, by W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse and B. Simmons, 331–349. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Constitution of Slovenia. ‘Ustava Republike Slovenije.’ Uradni list Republic of Slovenia, no. 68/06. 30 June 2006. http://www.us-rs.si/media/ustava.republike .slovenije.pdf (accessed 15 May 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Declaration on Foreign Policy of the Republic of Slovenia. ‘Deklaracija o zunanji politiki Republike Slovenije.’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia. 17 December 1999. http://www.mzz.gov.si/si/zakonodaja_in_dokumenti/podzakonski_akti/deklaracija_o_zunanji_politiki_republike_slovenije (accessed 14 May 2012).

  • DeZB. ‘Deklaracija o Zahodnem Balkanu [Declaration on the Western Balkans].’ Ministly of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia. 15 July 2010. http://www.mzz.gov.si/fileadmin/pageuploads/Zunanja_politika/Zahodni_Balkan/A_declaration_on_the_WB.pdf (accessed 20 May 2012).

  • Foreign Affairs Act. ‘Zakon o zunanjih zadevah (ZZZ-1-UPB1), Ur. 1. RS, no. 113/03.’ Uradni List. 2 October 2003. http://www.uradni-list.si/_pdf/2003/Ur/u2003113.pdf (accessed 14 July 2013).

  • Government of the Republic of Slovenia. ‘Nacionalna strategija Republike Slovenije za vstop v NATO [National Strategy for the Integration of the Republic of Slovenia into NATO].’ NATO. 26 February 1998. http://nato.gov.si/eng/documents/national-strategy/ (accessed 14 May 2012).

  • Government of the Republic of Slovenia. ‘Primerna zunanja politika — Temeljne prvine zunanje politike Republike Slovenije ob vključevanju v evroatlantske povezave [An Appropriate Foreign Policy — the Basic Elements of the Slovenian Foreign Policy Along Its Integration in Euro-Atlantic Alliances].’ In Slovenia and European Union/Slovenija in Evropska unija, by Fedor Černe et al., 197–219. Ljubljana: FDV, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, C. The Changing Politics of Foreign Policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, V. Foreign Policy Analysis: Classic and Contemporary Theory. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield publishers, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kajnč, S. ‘Slovenia: Searching for a Foreign Policy Identity via the EU.’ In National and European Foreign Policies, by R. Wong and C. Hill, 189–209. New York: Routledge, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kardelj, E. ‘Evolution in Jugoslavia.’ Foreign Affairs, 34 (4), 1956: 580–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komac, M. ‘Varstvo “novih” narodnih skupnosti v Sloveniji. [Protection of “new” National Minorities in Slovenia].’ In Priseljenci. Študije o priseljevanju in vključevanju v slovensko družbo, by M. Komac, 35–65. Ljubljana: Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubálková, V. Foreign Policy in a Constructed World. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Defense of Slovenia. ‘Od plebiscita do samostojnosti [From Referendum to Independence].’ Ministry of Defense. 2001. http://www.slovenija2001.gov.si/l0years/path/chronology/ (accessed 13 May 2012).

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia. ‘International Recognition of Slovenia by States and Formation of Bilateral Diplomatic Relations.’ Internal Document. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Slovenia, 19 February 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia. ‘Document no. 0070–8/2011–1 on Internal Organization and Systematization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs [Akt o notranji organizaciji in sistemizaciji v Ministrstvu za zunanje zadeve št. 0070–8/2011–1].’ Ljubljana, 27 September 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia. ‘First Session of Strategic Council on Foreign Affairs.’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia. 2013a. http://www.mzz.gov.si/nc/si/medijsko_sredisce/novica/article/6/30433/be32bb5f1f/ (accessed 21 May 2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia. ‘International Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid.’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia. 2013b. http://www.mzz.gov.si/si/zunanja_politika_in_mednarodno_pravo/zunanja_politika/mednarodno_razvojno_sodelovanje_in_humanitarna_pomoc/obmocje_delovanja/ (accessed 19 May 2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia. ‘Green Group Round Table on Significance of Water and Energy for Sustainable Development.’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia. 2013c. http://www.mzz.gov.si/nc/si/medijsko_sredisce/novica/article/6/30572/03d7cfc51f/ (accessed 21 May 2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanut, K. ‘Osamosvojitvena ojna na Slovenskem leta 1991 [Independence Was in Slovenia in 1991].’ Vojaška zgodovina, 2/01 (4), 2001: 11–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neack, L. The New Foreign Policy. U.S. and Comparative Foreign Policy in the 21st Century. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrič, E. Zunanja politika: osnove teorije in praksa [Foreign Policy: From Conception to Diplomatic Practice]. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publcations, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Požgan, J., and A. Bojinović Fenko. ‘Kulturna diplomacija in kultura v mednarodnih odnosih; študija primera zunanje politike republike Slovenije [Cultural Diplomacy and Culture in International Relations: A Case Study of Slovenian Foreign Policy].’ Družboslovne razprave, 28 (69), 2012: 25–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prebilič, V., and D. Guštin. ‘Warfare Lessons Learned: the Treatment of Prisoners of War by the Republic of Slovenia During the Slovenian Independence War in 1991.’ Studia Historica Slovenia, 10 (1), 2010: 181–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prunk, J. Path to Slovene State. Government of the Republic of Slovenia, Public Relations and Media Office. 2001. http://www.slovenija2001.gov.si/l0years/path/ (accessed 13 May 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahten, A. ‘Očrt slovenske diplomacije ali diplomacije Slovencev [Outline of Slovenian Diplomacy or Diplomacy of Slovenians].’ Teorija in praksa, 48 (3), 2011: 646–667.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramet, S. Nationalism and Federalism in Yugoslavia; 1962–1991. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roter, P. ‘The Concept of Minorities and How to Define Them.’ In Immigrants, Studies on Immigration and Inclusion into Slovenian Society, by M. Komac. Forthcoming, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roter, P., and A. Bojinović. ‘Croatia and the European Union: A Troubled Relationship.’ Mediterranean Politics, 10 (3), 2005: 447–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rupel, D. ‘Slovenia’s Shift from the Balkans to Central Europe.’ In Independent Slovenia, by J. Benderly and E. Craft, 183–200. New York: St Martin’s Press, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rupel, D. ‘Galerija večjih slik (Slovenska državnost, zunanja politika in diplomacija) [Gallery of bigger pictures (Slovenian Statehood, Foreign Policy and Diplomacy].’ In Diplomacy Between Theory and Practice, by U. Boštjan and M. Brglez, 49–75. Ljubljana: Acta Diplomatica, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rupel, D., B. Trekman, M. Jazbec, and I. Golob. ‘Deset let samostojne slovenske zunanje politike [Ten Years of Independent Slovenian Foreign Policy].’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia. 2000. http://www.mzz.gov.si/si/zakonodaja_in_dokumenti/dokumenti/deset_let_samostojne_slovenskezunanje_politike/ (accessed 10 May 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Šabič, Z. ‘Slovenia and the European Union: A Different kind of Two-Level Game.’ In Norms and Nannies: The Impact of International Organizations on the Central and East European States, by R. Linden, 91–127. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Šabič, Z., and L. Jelušič. ‘Slovenia and NATO Enlargement: Twists, Turns, and Endless Frustrations.’ In Almost NATO: Partners and Players in Central and Eastern European Security (The New International Relations of Europe), by C. Krupnick, 83–117. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Šabič, Z., and P. Drulák. ‘Introduction to Central Europe.’ In Regional and International Relations of Central Europe, by Z. Šabič and P. Drulák, 1–17. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinergy. Slovenian Presidency Programme Si.nergy for Europe. January – June 2008. 2008. http://www.eu2008.si/includes/Downloads/misc/program/Programme_en.pdf (accessed 13 July 2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Slovenian Foreign Policy Strategy. ‘Temelji strategije zunanje politike Republike Slovenije [Slovenian Foreign Policy Strategy Predating International Recognition].’ Report of the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia, No.10. Report of the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia, 26 March 1991. 11–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S., A. Hadfield, and T. Dunne. ‘Introduction.’ In Foreign Policy; Theories, Actors, Cases, by S. Smith, A. Hadfield and T. Dunn, 1–8. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistical Office of Slovenia. Basic Groups of Population by Gender, Slovenia, Quarterly Data. 2012. http://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Dialog/Saveshow.asp (accessed 19 May 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Udovič, B. ‘Slovene Commercial Diplomacy in the Western Balkan Countries.’ Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 44 (4), 2011a: 357–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Udovič, B. ‘The Problem of Hard-Currency Savings in Ljubljanska Banka d. d., Ljubljana: Between Politics and (International) Law.’ Studia Historica Slovenica, 11 (1), 2011b: 185–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN. ‘Security Council Resolution 713.’ United Nations. 25 September 1991. http://daccess-ods.un.org/TMP/2472029.9243927.html (accessed 26 March 2014).

  • Zupančič, R., and B. Udovič. ‘Lilliputian in a Goliath World: The Preventive Diplomacy of Slovenia in Solving the Question of Kosovo’s Independence.’ Romanian Journal of Political Science, 11 (1), 2011: 39–80.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2014 Ana Bojinović Fenko and Zlatko Šabič

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fenko, A.B., Šabič, Z. (2014). From the Balkans to Central Europe and Back: The Foreign Policy of Slovenia. In: Keil, S., Stahl, B. (eds) The Foreign Policies of Post-Yugoslav States. New Perspectives on South-East Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137384133_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics