Abstract
Southeast Asia is increasingly recognized as the new growth area of the private security industry. Today so-called private military and security companies (PMSCs) offer a vast menu of military and security services in the region that were, in the past, largely the responsibility of government agencies. PMSCs provide services such as anti-piracy protection for merchant vessels and security for ports and offshore oil/gas platforms. Yet, despite their increasing presence in the region, PMSCs are often not considered in security sector reform (SSR) literature and programs. Rather than examining the private security industry in Southeast Asia in general, this chapter focusses on the employment of PMSCs in the maritime sphere in the region and argues that these companies have become an essential part of the security sector and should therefore be integrated into SSR. It suggests that this is of particular importance because the employment of PMSCs is not a structured process that is part of a set SSR program and because PMSCs can either support or disrupt SSR processes, depending on the level of effective regulation of these companies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Abrahamsen, Rita and Michael C. Williams (2006) “Security Sector Reform: Bringing the Private in”, Conflict, Security & Development 6(1):1–23.
Attorney General’s Chambers (Singapore). Arms and Explosives Act. http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;query=DocId%3A5a861d88-100e-42cc-a049-555fc9998837%20Depth%3A0%20ValidTime%3A12%2F11%2F2013%20TransactionTime%3A12%2F11%2F2013%20Status%3Ainforce;rec=0, date accessed 12 November 2013.
Avant, Deborah (2005) The Market for Force: The Consequences of Privatising Security (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Bateman, Sam (1997) “ASEAN’s Tiger Navies”, Jane’s Navy International 102(3), pp. 18–27.
Bateman, Sam (2005) “Naval Balance in Southeast Asia — Search for Stability”, Jane’s Defence Weekly, 11 May.
Beeson, Mark and Alex J. Bellamy (2008) Securing Southeast Asia: The Politics of Security Sector Reform (New York: Routledge).
Beng, Phar Kim (2004) “No Relief in Indonesian Oil Slump”, Asia Times, 4 September. http://www.energybulletin.net/print.php?id=1930, date accessed 15 May 2005.
Boey, David (2005) “Ship Owners Using Hired Guns. Guards Provide Anti-piracy Security for Vessels in Regional Waters”, Straits Times, 8 April: 3.
Capie, David (2004) “Between a Hegemon and a Hard Place: The US ‘War on Terror’ and Southeast Asian-US Relations”, Pacific Review 17(2): 229–36.
Crouch, Harold (1979), “Patrimonialism and Military Rule in Indonesia”, World Politics 31(4): 571–87.
Djalal, Hasjim (2005) “Combating Piracy: Co-operation Needs, Efforts, and Challenges”. In Piracy in Southeast Asia: Status, Issues, and Responses, ed. Derek Johnson and Mark J. Valencia, pp. 143–59 (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies).
Donnan, Shawn (2006) “Indonesia to Change Security Pay Rules”, Forex Trading, 7 February. http://news.ft.com/cms/s/1b286542-976a-11da-82b7-0000779e2340,s01=1.html, date accessed 8 February 2006.
G4S (n.d.) “G4S Government”, G4S Indonesia Homepage. http://www.g4s.co.id/en-id/What we do/Sectors/Government/, date accessed 10 February 2011.
G4S (n.d.) “G4S Who We Are”, G4S Indonesia Homepage. http://www.g4s.co.id/en-id/Who we are, date accessed 10 February 2011.
Gerth, H. H. and C. Wright Mills (1970) From Max Weber. Essays in Sociology (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd).
Goldrick, James and Jack McCaffrie (2012) Navies of South-East Asia: A Comparative Study, Cass Series: Naval Policy and History (New York: Routledge).
Gross, Eva (2009) “Security Sector Reform in Afghanistan: The EU’s Contribution”, European Union Institute for Security Studies, Occasional Paper 78.
Ho, Joshua and Catherine Zara Raymond, eds. (2005) The Best of Times, the Worst of Times. Maritime Security in the Asia Pacific (Singapore: Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies).
Honna, Jun (2008) “The Peace Divided”, Inside Indonesia 92, April–June. http://www.insideindonesia.org/feature-editions/the-peace-dividend/, date accessed 12 November 2013.
Human Rights Watch (2006) “Too High a Price. The Human Rights Cost of the Indonesian Military’s Economic Activities”, Human Rights Watch.
Huxley, Tim (2001) Reforming Southeast Asia’s Security Sectors, Conflict, Security and Development Group Working Paper, London: Centre for Defence Studies.
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (2003) “Making a Killing. The Business of War”, Center for Public Integrity. http://www.icij.org/project/making-killing/business-war, date accessed 12 November 2013.
International Maritime Organization (2002) “IMO Adopts Comprehensive Maritime Security Measures”, IMO, 13 December. http://www.imo.org/Newsroom/mainframe.asp?topic_id=583&doc_id=2689, date accessed 5 February 2006.
Isima, Jeffrey (2007) “Regulating the Private Security Sector: An Imperative for Security Sector Governance in Africa”, Journal of Security Sector Management 5(1), May.
Khalid, Nazery (2005) “Maritime Security Initiatives Post 9–11: Costs and Implications to the Port Sector”, Paper presented at the “People and The Sea III: New Directions in Coastal and Maritime Studies” Conference, Amsterdam, 7–9 July.
Khalik, Abdul (2005) “Pay More if You Want to Feel Secure”, Jakarta Post, 13 December. http://www.thejakartapost.com/misc/PrinterFriendly.asp, date accessed 13 December 2005.
Kingsbury, Damien (2009) “Security Sector Reform in Indonesia”, Deakin Speaking, 3 November. http://www.deakin.edu.au/deakin-speaking, date accessed 15 June 2010.
Marine Department Malaysia (2007) “Mandatory Ship Reporting System in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore”, http://www.marine.gov.my/service/index.html, date accessed 22 June 2007.
Mietzner, Markus (2009) Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia: From Turbulent Transition to Democratic Consolidation (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies).
Muna, Riefqi (2008) “Local Ownership and the Experience of SSR in Indonesia”. In Local Ownership and Security Sector Reform, ed. Timothy Donais, pp. 234–51. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (Berlin/Zuerich: LIT Verlag).
Naidu, G. V. C. (2000) Indian Navy and Southeast Asia (New Delhi: Knowledge World).
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Development Assistance Committee, “Executive Summary”, The DAC Journal. Part II: Conflict Prevention and Development Cooperation Papers 2(3) (Paris: OECD).
Richards, Anna and Henry Smith (2007) Addressing the Role of Private Security Companies within Security Sector Reform Programmes, London: Saferworld.
Robison, Richard and Vedi Hadiz (2004) Reorganising Power in Indonesia: The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets (London: Routledge).
Sasdi, Ardimas (2003) “Pushing the Military to the Wall Imprudent Policy”, Jakarta Post, 20 November. http://www.kabar-irian.com/pipermail/kabar-irian/2003-November/000372.html, date accessed 28 December 2005.
Scahill, Jeremy (2007) Blackwater: The Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Mercenary Army (London: Serpent’s Tail).
Silviati, Anasia (2008) “Indonesia: Safety and Security Equipment”, US Commercial Service, United States of America Department of Commerce.
Simon, Sheldon W. (2001) “Asian Armed Forces: Internal and External Tasks and Capabilities”. In The Many Faces of Security, ed. Sheldon W. Simon, pp. 49–70 (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers).
Singer, Peter Warren (2003) Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry (Cornell: Cornell University Press).
The Nation (2010) “Security Firms Prosper on New Construction, Concerns over Safety”, 7 June. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/Security-firms-prosper-on-new-construction-concern-30130979.html, date accessed 15 June 2010.
TMCnet (2005) “Indonesian Officer Confirms U.S. Firm’s Payments for Security”, 29 December. http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2005/dec/1245849.htm, date accessed 30 December 2005.
Tull, Malcolm and James Reveley, eds. (2008) Port Privatisation: The Asia-Pacific Experience (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar).
Wilder, Andrew (2007) Cops or Robbers? The Struggle to Reform the Afghan National Police. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Issues Paper Series.
Wilson, Ian Douglas (2013) The Politics of Protection Rackets in Post-new Order Indonesia (London: Routledge).
Wulf, Herbert (2002) “Security Sector Reform in Developing and Transitional Countries”, Berghof Center for Constructive Management, July. http://www.berghof-handbook.net/documents/publications/dialogue2_wulf.pd, date accessed 2 February 2011.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 Carolin Liss
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Liss, C. (2014). Security Sector Reform in Southeast Asia: The Role of Private Security Providers. In: Heiduk, F. (eds) Security Sector Reform in Southeast Asia. Critical Studies of the Asia Pacific Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137365491_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137365491_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-47377-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-36549-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Intern. Relations & Development CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)