Skip to main content

English-as-Panacea: Untangling Ideology from Experience in Compulsory English Education in Japan

  • Chapter
Resistance to the Known

Abstract

This chapter draws attention to some of the ways in which those involved in compulsory English education in Japan tend to be harnessed into a certain type of ideological machinery that frames their debates and shapes their notions of objectivity. Among other components, this machinery consists of the discourses of English-as-panacea and Japanese uniqueness, institutionalized standards of professional practice, and applied linguistics theory which views the acquisition of English principally as a matter of motivation and technique rather than arising from need. These disparate elements form a heterogeneous ideological orthodoxy, or ‘regime of truth’ (Foucault, 1980) which, in line with the theme of the present volume, I shall refer to as ‘the known’.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aronowitz, S. and Giroux, H. A. (1985). Education under siege: The conservative, liberal and radical debate over schooling. London: Bergin & Garvey.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Aspinall, R. W. (2013). International education policy in Japan in an age of globalisation and risk. Boston: Global Oriental.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canagarajah, S. (1999). Resisting linguistic imperialism in English language teaching. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L. and Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1938/1997). Experience and education. New York: Touchstone.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 motivational self-system. In Z. Dörnyei and E. Ushioda (eds), Motivation, language identity, and the L2 self (pp. 9–43). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dörnyei, Z. (2014). Researching complex dynamic systems: ‘Retrodictive qualitative modelling’ in the language classroom. Language Teaching, 47(1): 3–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feyerabend, P. (1978). Science in a free society. London: NLB.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feyerabend, P. (1992). Against method: Outline of an anarchistic theory of knowledge (3rd edn). London: New Left Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977. New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. C. and Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second-language learning. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, P. (1971). Compulsory miseducation. New York: Horizon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. and Block, D. (2012). The marketization of language teacher education and neoliberalism. In D. Block, J. Gray and M. Holborow (eds), Neoliberalism and applied linguistics (pp. 114–44). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadfield, J. and Dörnyei, Z. (2013). Motivated learning (Research and resources in language teaching). Harlow: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harasawa, M. (1974). A critical survey of English language teaching in Japan: A personal view. ELT Journal, 29(1): 3–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto, K. (2009). Cultivating ‘Japanese who can use English’: Problems and contradictions in government policy. Asian Studies Review, 33(1): 3–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, L. and Kennett, B. (2013). Language edutainment on Japanese television: Just what are learners learning? Japanese Studies, 13(1): 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kariya, T. and Rappleye, J. (2010). The twisted, unintended impacts of globalization on Japanese education: Globalization, changing demographics, and educational challenges in East Asia. Research in Sociology of Education, 17: 17–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, Y. (2013). Global English capital and the domestic economy: The case of Japan from the 1970s to early 2012. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 34(1): 3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, R. (2012). Immigration, diversity and language education in Japan: Toward a glocal approach to teaching English. In P. Seargeant (ed.), English in Japan in the era of globalization (pp. 101–24). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kyoto University of Foreign Studies (2013). World peace through languages. Retrieved from: http://www.kufs.ac.jp/english_site/.

  • Laing, R. (1983). The politics of experience and the bird of paradise. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liddicoat, A. J. (2007). The ideology of interculturality in Japanese language-in-education policy. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 30(2): 20.1–20.16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markus, H. and Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41(9): 3–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4): 3–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda, T. (2013). Play an active part in Japan’s’ soft power’ diplomacy with the whole world as your stage. Retrieved from: http://www.kufs.ac.jp/english_site/greeting/ gakucho.html

  • Midgely, M. (2011). The myths we live by. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noels, K. A. (2001). New orientations in language learning motivation: Toward a contextual model of intrinsic, extrinsic, and integrative orientations and motivation. In Z. Dörnyei and R. Schmidt (eds), Motivation and second language acquisition. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okuno, H. (2007). A critical discussion on the Action Plan to Cultivate ‘Japanese with English Abilities’. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 4(4): 3–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennycook, A. (2001). Critical applied linguistics: A critical introduction. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennycook, A. (2007). The myth of English as an international language. In S. Makoni and A. Pennycook (eds), Disinventing and reconstructing languages (pp. 90–115). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillipson, R. (2008). The linguistic imperialism of neoliberal empire. Critical Enquiry in Language Studies, 5(1): 3–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Planet Janet (2008). Slavoj Zizek interview on NiteBeat. Retrieved from: http://lynn.libguides.com/content.php?pid=47000andsid=349970

  • Riess, S. (2004). Multifaceted nature of intrinsic motivation: The theory of 16 basic desires. Review of General Psychology, 8(3): 3–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritzer, G. (2004). The globalization of nothing. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Pine Forge Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seargeant, P. (2009). The idea of English in Japan: Ideology and the evolution of a global language. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda, Y. (1990). Eigo shihai kozo [Structure of English domination]. Tokyo: Daisan Shokan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda, Y. (1993). Eigo shihai e no chosen joron [Oppositions to English domination]. In Y. Tsuda (ed.), Eigo shihai e no iron [Oppositions to English domination] (pp. 13–68). Tokyo: Daisan Shokan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ushioda, E. (2009). A person-in-context relational view of emergent motivation, self and identity. In Z. Dörnyei and E. Ushioda (eds), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 215–28). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamagami, M. and Tollefson, J. (2012). Elite discourses of globalization in Japan: The role of English. In P. Seargeant (ed.), English in Japan in the era of globalization (pp. 15–37). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yano, Y. (2011). English as an international language and ‘Japanese English’. In P. Seargeant (ed.), English in Japan in the era of globalization (pp. 125–42). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2015 Julian Pigott

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pigott, J. (2015). English-as-Panacea: Untangling Ideology from Experience in Compulsory English Education in Japan. In: Rivers, D.J. (eds) Resistance to the Known. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137345196_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics