Abstract
A growing number of data-rich analyses of literature and literary culture— variously described as ‘distant reading’ (Moretti 2005), ‘algorithmic criticism’ (Ramsay 2008), ‘macroanalysis’ (Jockers 2013), and ‘new empiricism’ (Bode and Dixon 2009) —have in the last decade significantly transformed literary studies. This international trend is strongly reflected in Australian literary studies, where there have been multiple quantitative analyses of borrowing records (Dolin 2004, 2006;Lamond 2012;Lamond and Reid 2009), book sales (Davis 2007; Zwar 2012a, 2012b), newspaper reviews (Thomson and Dale 2009), and bibliographic data (Bode 2010, 2012a, 2012b;Carter 2007;Ensor 2008, 2009;Nile and Ensor 2009). As important as this work has been for reconceptualizing the object and scope of literary studies, its credibility and progress as a whole is inhibited by the fact that many of these authors provide little detailed discussion of the processes involved in creating, curating, and analysing their data sources. Even less rarely do they publish these sources. While there are exceptions,1 such lack of access to data is true of the most high-profile work in this field—including Jockers’s and Moretti’s influential monographs—and prevents other scholars from investigating, extending, and potentially challenging these authors’ findings and arguments.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Works cited
Bode, Katherine. (2009). ‘Resourceful Reading: A New Empiricism in the Digital Age?’ In Resourceful Reading: The New Empiricism, eResearch, and Australian Literary Culture, ed. Katherine Bode and Robert Dixon, 1–27. Sydney: University of Sydney Press.
Bode, Katherine. (2010). ‘Publishing and Australian Literature: Crisis, Decline, or Transformation?’ Cultural Studies Review 16, no. 2: 24–48.
Bode, Katherine. (2012a). Reading by Numbers: Recalibrating the Literary Field. London: Anthem Press.
Bode, Katherine. (2012b). ‘“Sidelines” and Tradelines: Publishing the Australian Novel, 1860 to 1899’. Book History 15: 93–122.
Bourdieu, Pierre. (1983). ‘The Field of Cultural Production, or: the Economic World Reversed’. Poetics 12, nos. 4–5: 311–56.
Bourdieu, Pierre. (1996). The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field. Trans. Susan Emanuel. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Carter, David. (2000). ‘Critics, Writers, Intellectuals: Australian Literature and Its Criticism’. In The Cambridge Companion to Australian Literature, ed. Elizabeth Webby, 258–93. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Carter, David. (2007). ‘Boom, Bust, or Business as Usual? Literary Fiction Publishing’. In Making Books: Contemporary Australian Publishing, ed. David Carter and Anne Galligan, 231–46. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press.
Cavanagh, Sheila. (2012). ‘Living in a Digital World: Rethinking Peer Review, Collaboration, and Open Access’. Journal of Digital Humanities 1, no. 4. Available at: http://journalofdigitalhumanities.org.
Cohen, Dan. (2012). ‘Initial Thoughts on the Google Books Ngram Viewer and Datasets’. Available at: http://www.dancohen.org.
Damrosch, David. (2006). ‘World Literature in a Postcanonical, Hypercanonical Age’. In Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization, ed. Haun Saussy, 43–53. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Darcy, Cath. (1999). ‘What’s in a Name? Helen Garner and the Power of the Author in the Public Domain’. In Australian Literature and the Public Sphere, ed. Alison Bartlett, Robert Dixon, and Christopher Lee, 44–50. Toowoomba: Association for the Study of Australian Literature.
Davis, Mark. (2007). ‘The Decline of the Literary Paradigm in Australian Publishing’. In Making Books: Contemporary Australian Publishing, ed. David Carter and Anne Galligan, 116–31. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press.
Davis, Mark. (2009). ‘Making Aboriginal History: The Cultural Mission in Australian Book Publishing and the Publication of Henry Reynolds’s The Other Side of the Frontier’. In Resourceful Reading: The New Empiricism, eResearch, and Australian Literary Culture, ed. Katherine Bode and Robert Dixon, 176–93. Sydney: University of Sydney Press.
Dixon, Robert. (2005). ‘Tim Winton, Cloudstreet, and the Field of Australian Literature’. Westerly 50 (November): 240–60.
Dolin, Tim. (2004). ‘The Secret Reading Life of Us’. In Readers, Writers, Publishers: Essays and Poems, ed. Brian Matthews, 115–33. Canberra: Australian Academy of the Humanities.
Dolin, Tim. (2006). ‘First Steps Toward a History of the Mid-Victorian Novel in Colonial Australia’. Australian Literary Studies 32, no. 3: 273–93.
During, Simon. (1996). Patrick White. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Ensor, Jason. (2008). ‘Reprints, International Markets, and Local Literary Taste: New Empiricism and Australian Literature’. Journal of the Association for the Study of Australian Literature. Special Issue: ‘The Colonial Present’: 198–218.
Ensor, Jason. (2009). ‘Is a Picture Worth 10,175 Australian Novels?’ In Resourceful Reading: The New Empiricism, eResearch, and Australian Literary Culture, ed. Katherine Bode and Robert Dixon, 240–73. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Gerhards, Jurgen, and Helmut K. Anheier. (1989). ‘The Literary Field: An Empirical Investigation of Bourdieu’s Sociology of Art’. International Sociology 4, no. 2: 131–46.
Hetherington, Carol. (2005). ‘AustLit: A Resource for Print Culture Research’. Journal of Publishing 1 (October): 115–27.
Janssen, Susanne. (1997). ‘Reviewing as Social Practice: Institutional Constraints on Critics’ Attention for Contemporary Fiction’. Poetics 24, no. 5: 275–97.
Janssen, Susanne. (1998). ‘Side-Roads to Success: The Effect of Sideline Activities on the Status of Writers’. Poetics 25, no. 5: 265–80.
Janssen, Susanne, and Nel van Dijk, eds. (1998). The Empirical Study of Literature: Its Development and Future. Rotterdam: Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn & Co’s Uitgeversmaatschappij.
Jockers, Matthew. L. (2010). ‘Unigrams, and Bigrams, and Trigrams, Oh My’. Available at: http://www.matthewjockers.net.
Jockers, Matthew. L. (2013). Macroanalysis: Digital Methods and Literary History. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
Lamond, Julieanne. (2012). ‘Communities of Readers: Australian Reading History and Library Loan Records’. In Republics of Letters: Literary Communities in Australia, ed. Peter Kirkpatrick and Robert Dixon, 27–38. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Lamond, Julieanne, and Mark Reid. (2009). ‘Squinting at a Sea of Dots: Visualising Australian Readerships Using Statistical Machine Learning’. In Resourceful Reading: The New Empiricism, eResearch, and Australian Literary Culture, ed. Katherine Bode and Robert Dixon, 223–39. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
McGann, Jerome. (2004). ‘A Note on the Current State of Humanities Scholarship’. Critical Inquiry 30, no. 2: 409–13.
McPhee, Hilary. (2001). Other People’s Words. Sydney: Picador.
Moretti, Franco. (2005). Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for Literary History. London: Verso.
Nile, Richard, and Jason Ensor. (2009). ‘The Novel, the Implicated Reader, and Australian Literary Cultures, 1950–2008’. In The Cambridge History of Australian Literature, ed. Peter Pierce, 517–48. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Nooy, Wouter de. (1991). ‘Social Networks and Classification in Literature’. Poetics 20, no. 6: 507–37.
Nooy, Wouter de. (2002). ‘The Dynamics of Artistic Prestige’. Poetics 30, no. 3: 147–67.
Nowviskie, Bethany. (2012). ‘Evaluating Collaborative Digital Scholarship (or, Where Credit Is Due)’. Journal of Digital Humanities 1, no. 4. Available at: http://journalofdigitalhumanities.org.
Ramsay, Stephen. (2008). ‘Algorithmic Criticism’. In A Companion to Digital Literary Studies, ed. Susan Schreibman and Ray Siemens. Oxford: Blackwell. Available at: http://www.digitalhumanities.org.
Stoughton, Chris, Robert. H. Lupton, Mariangela Bernardi, Michael. R. Blanton, et al. (2002). ‘Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Early Data Release’. Astronomical Journal 123, no. 1: 485–548.
Thompkins, Jane. (1983). Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790–1860. New York: Oxford University Press.
Thomson, Robert, and Leigh Dale. (2009). ‘Books in Selected Australian Newspapers, December 1930’. In Resourceful Reading: The New Empiricism, eResearch, and Australian Literary Culture, ed. Katherine Bode and Robert Dixon, 119–41. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Turner, Graeme. (1993). ‘Nationalising the Author: The Celebrity of Peter Carey’. Australian Literary Studies 16, no. 2: 131–39.
Turner, Graeme. (1999). ‘Australian Literature and the Public Sphere’. In Australian Literature and the Public Sphere, ed. Alison Bartlett, Robert Dixon and Christopher Lee, 1–12. Toowoomba: Association for the Study of Australian Literature.
Van Rees, C. J. (1987). ‘How Reviewers Reach Consensus on the Value of Literary Works’. Poetics 16, nos. 3–4: 275–94.
Van Rees, C. J., and Jeroen Vermunt. (1996). ‘Event History Analysis of Authors’ Reputation: Effects of Critics Attention on Debutants Careers’. Poetics 23, no. 5: 317–33.
Verboord, Marc. (2003). ‘Classification of Authors by Literary Prestige’. Poetics 31, nos. 3–4: 259–81.
Verdaasdonk, H. (1987). ‘Effects of Acquired Readership and Reviewers’ Attention on the Sales of New Literary Works’. Poetics 16, nos. 3–4: 237–53.
Zwar, Jan. (2012a). ‘More than Michael Moore: Contemporary Australian Book Reading Patterns and the Wars on Iraq and Afghanistan’. Publishing Research Quarterly 28, no. 4: 325–39.
Zwar, Jan. (2012b). ‘What Were We Buying? Non-Fiction and Narrative Non-Fiction Sales Patterns in the 2000s’. Journal of the Association for the Study of Australian Literature 12, no. 3: 1–27. Available at: http://www.nla.gov.au.
Zyngier, Sonia, Marisa Bortolussi, Anna Chesnokova, and Jan Aurache, eds. (2008). Directions in Empirical Literary Studies. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 Katherine Bode and Tara Murphy
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bode, K., Murphy, T. (2014). Methods and Canons. In: Arthur, P.L., Bode, K. (eds) Advancing Digital Humanities. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137337016_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137337016_12
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-33700-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-33701-6
eBook Packages: Palgrave Media & Culture CollectionLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)