Skip to main content

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to analytically describe and categorize the research conducted in Finland on educational inequalities faced by students of ethnic minority backgrounds. The focus is mainly on secondary education examinations between 1990 and 2010. Because in Finland scientific attention to ethnic inequalities has been paid on only recently the data for this analysis remained rare, and most of our criticisms are directed towards the absence of sociological perception in understanding this phenomenon.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ahmad Akhlaq (2005) Getting a fob in Finland: The Social Networks of Immigrants from the Indian Subcontinent in the Helsinki Metropolitan Labour Market. Helsinki: Helsinki University Printing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahponen, Pirkkoliisa, Harinen, Päivi, Honkasalo, Veronika, Kivijärvi, Antti, Pyykkönen, Miikka, Ronkainen, Jussi, Souto, Anne-Mari and Suurpää, Leena (2011) Emerging Multiculturalism in Youth Work. The Case of Finland. An article to be published in Youth & Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Âlund, Aleksandra (1991) Paradoxes of Multiculturalism. Essays on Swedish Society. Aldershot: Avebury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antikainen, Ari, Dworkin, Gary A., Saha, Lawrence J., Ballantine, Jeanne, Essack, Shaheeda, Teodoro, Antonio and Konstantinovskiy (2011) Contemporary Themes in the Sociology of Education. International Journal of Contemporary Sociology, Vol. 48(1), 117–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, Ulrich and Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth (2008) Global Generations and the Trap of Methodological Nationalism for a Cosmopolitan Turn in the Sociology of Youth and Generation. European Sociological Review, Vol. 25(1), 25–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, Basil (1975) Class, Codes and Control. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, Basil (1996) Pedagogy, Symbolic Control and Identity: Theory, Research, Critique. London: Taylor and Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, Pierre (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, Pierre (1986) Distinction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Developmental Plan for Education in Finland (2011) The Ministry of Education and Culture.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finnish National Board of Education (2010) Dropout Rates in the Finnish Educational System. Helsinki: Ministry of Education and Culture.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harinen, Päivi, Honkasalo, Veronika, Souto, Anne-Mari and Suurpää, Leena (eds) (2009) Ovet aukil Monikulttuuriset nuoret, vapaa-aika ja kansalaistoimintaan osallistuminen. [Open the Doors! Multicultural Youth, Leisure and Participation in Civil Society]. Helsinki: The Finnisf Youth Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herranen, Jatta and Harinen, Päivi (2007) Oikein valinneet jätetään rauhaan. Osallisuus, kulttuuri ja kontrolli. [Those Choosing Well are Laid off. Participation, Culture, and Control] In: A. Gretschel and T. Kiilakoski (eds) Lasten ja nuorten kunta [Children and Youth in Municipalies]. Helsinki: The Finnish Youth Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heywood (2007) Political Ideologies. An Introduction. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Himanen, Markus and Könönen, Jukka (2010) Maahanmuuttopoliittinen sanasto. [The Vocabulary of Immigration Policy]. Helsinki: Like.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iskanius, Sanna (2001) Kahden opetuskulttuurin kohtaaminen. Venäjänkieliset opiskelijat toisen asteen koulutuksessa. [Encounters in-between two Teaching Cultures: Russian Speaking Students in Secondary Education] In: K. Perho (ed.) Kahden kulttuurin väkeä. Suomalaiset ja venäläiset koulussa. [People of two Cultures. Finns and Russians at School]. Joensuu: University oljoensuu, Department of Education, 73–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jauhiainen, Arto, Rinne, Risto and Tähtinen, Juhani (2001) Koulutuspolitiikka Suomessa ja ylikansalliset mollit. [Educational Policy and Supranational Models in Finland]. Turku: The Finnish Society of Pedagogues

    Google Scholar 

  • Juutilainen, Päivi-Katriina (2007) Elämää Suomessa. Venäjänkielisten nuorten naisten kokemuksia ja tulevaisuudennäkymiä [Life in Finland: Russian Speaking Young Women’s Experiences and Future Plans] In: P-K. Juutilainen (ed.) Suhteita ja suunnanottoa. Näkökulmia nuorten ohjaukseen. [Relations and Orientations. Perspectives to Youth Counseling]. Joensuu: University oljoensuu, Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khattab Nabil (2009) Ethno-religious Background as a Determinant of Educational and Occupational Attainment in Britain, Sociology, April 2009, Vol. 43 (2), 304–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpi, Elina (2010) The Education of Children of Immigrants in Finland. University of Oxford: St Anthony’s College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilpi-Jakonen, Elina (2011) Continuation to Upper Secondary Education in Finland: Children of Immigrants and the Majority Compared, Acta Sociologica, Vol. 54(1), 77–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Käyhkö, Mari (2006) Siivoojaksi oppimassa. Etnografinen tutkimus työläistytöistä puhdis-tuspalvelualan koulutuksessa. [Learning to Become a Cleaner. An Ethnographic Study of Working-class Girls in Secondary Education]. Joensuu: Joensuu University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maahanmuuttajaoppilaat ja koulutus (2008) Immigrant Students and Education. Helsinki: The Ministry of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markkanen, Airi (2003) Luonnollisesti. Etnografinen tutkimus romaninaisten elämänkulusta [Naturally. An ethnographic analysis on Roma women’s life courses]. University oljoensuu: Department of Humanities.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markkanen, Sanna (2010) Toisen sukupolven koulumenestyksen ymmärtäminen ja tutkiminen Suomessa. [Understanding and studying educational achievements of the second generation immigrants in Finland] In: T. Martikainen and L. Haikkola (eds) Maahanmuutto ja sukupolvet. [Immigration and Generation]. Helsinki: SKS, 133–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Education (2008) Immigrants’ and Education. Helsinki: Ministry of Education and Culture.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Labor (2008) Roma People’s Long Journey to Labor Market. Helsinki: Ministry of Labor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Interior (2009) Immigrant Population in Finland. Helsinki: Ministry of Interior.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Social Allairs and Health (2001) A Memo of an Administrative Working Group for Roma Issues. Helsinki: Ministry of Social Allairs and Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Youth Barometer (2005) Erilaisetja samanlaiset. [The Different and the Alike Ones]. Helsinki: Ministry of Education and the Finnish Youth Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitkänen, Pirkko, Ronkainen, Jussi and Harinen, Päivi (2005) Dual Citizenship in Finland. In: Y Schröter, C. Mengelkamp and R.S. Jäger (eds) Doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft. Ein Gesellschaftlicher Diskurs über Mehrstaatigkeit. Landau: Verlag Empirische Pädagogik, 256–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahikainen, Marjatta (1994) Viimeiset vaeltajat. Romanit ja saamelaiset modernisaation tiellä. [The Last Wanderers. Roma and Sami People on the Road to Modernity].Kosmopolis, Vol. 24(4), 41–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Räsänen, Rauni, Jokikokko, Katri, Järvelä Maria-Liisa and Lamminmäki-Kärkkäinen, Tanja (eds) (2002) Intercultural Teacher Education. From Utopia to Practice Trough Action Research. University of Oulu: Department of Educational Sciences and Teacher Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romakkaniemi, Harri (1999) Maahanmuuttajanuoret toisen asteen koulutuksessa. [Immigrant students in secondary education]. The City of Helsinki: Educational Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romaniasioiden hallintotyöryhmän muistio (2001) A Memo of an Administrative Working Group for Roma Issues. Helsinki: The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romanien pitka matka työn markkinoille (2008) Roma People’s Long Journey to Labor Market. Helsinki: The Ministry of Labor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reyneri Emilio and Fullin Giovanna (2011) Labour Market Penalties of New Immigrants in New and Old Receiving West European Countries. International Migration, Vol. 49(1), 31–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabour M’hammed (1999) The Socio-cultural exclusion and self-exclusion of foreigners in Finland: the case of Joensuu, in Littlewood Paul et al. (ed.) Social Exclusion in Europe: Problems and Paradigms. London: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Kangas, Ilkka and Kangas, Kea (1988) Vähemmistö, kieli ja rasismi [Minority, Language, and Racism]. Helsinki: Gaudeamus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Souto, Anne-Mari (2011) Arkipäivän rasismi koulussa. Etnografinen tutkimus suomalais- ja maahanmuuttajanuorten ryhmäsuhteista. [Everyday Racism at School. An Ethnographic Study on Native and Immigrant Youth’s Group Relations]. Helsinki: The Finnish Youth Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Finland (2004) Population in Finland. Helsinki: Statistics Finland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suurpää, Leena (2002) Erilaisuuden hierarkiat. Suomalaisia käsityksiä maahanmuuttajistaja rasismista. [Hierarchies of Difference. Finnish Perceptions of Immigrants and Racism]. Helsinki: The Finnish Youth Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teräs, Marianne, Lasonen, Johanna and Sannino, Annalisa (2010) Maahanmuuttajien lasten siirtymät koulutukseen ja työelämään. [Immigrant Children’s Transitions to Education and Working life] In: T. Martikainen and L. Haikkola (eds) Maahanmuutto ja sukupolvet. [Immigration and Generation]. Helsinki: SKS, 85–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolonen, Tarja (2001) Nuorten kulttuurit koulussa. Ääni, tila ja sukupuolten arkiset järjestyk-set. [Youth Cultures at School. Voice, Space and the Gendered Order]. Helsinki: The Finnish Youth Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziehe, Thomas (1991) Uusi nuoriso. Epatavanomaisen oppimisen puolustus. [The New Youth. A Defence of Unconventional Learning]. Tampere: Vastapaino.

    Google Scholar 

Internet sources

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2014 Päivi Harinen and M’hammed Sabour

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Harinen, P., Sabour, M. (2014). Finland. In: Stevens, P.A.J., Dworkin, A.G. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137317803_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics