Skip to main content

Diversity and Nationality: Contemporary Developments in Five European Citizenship Regimes

  • Chapter
Naturalization Policies, Education and Citizenship

Part of the book series: Palgrave Politics of Identity and Citizenship Series ((CAL))

Abstract

This chapter shares the core focus of the book in considering some key contemporary social and political developments relating to cultural diversity in five EU states. These span topics of naturalization processes, anti-discrimination measures and strategies for political participation, as well as civic integrationist and educational measures (Triandafyllidou et al., 2011). By identifying some of the most salient changes, and accepting that in different countries these may turn on different cases, the chapter offers a theoretically driven attempt to conceptualize various European states from the point of view of multiculturalism. This helps us to understand the alleged ‘retreat’ of multiculturalism as well as advances in multiculturalism, and so enables us to evaluate in a non-quantitative way the extent and manner in which a state or polity is and is not multiculturalist. This is assisted by tabular representations marking out the core theoretical criteria of multiculturalist and non-multiculturalist modes of integration, before these criteria are tested against contemporary developments in existing cases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bousetta, H. 2000. Institutional theories of immigrant ethnic mobilisation: Relevance and limitation. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Research, 25, 229–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bousetta, H., and Jacobs, D. 2006. Multiculturalism, citizenship and Islam in problematic encounters in Belgium. In: T. Modood, A. Triandafyllidou, and R. Zapata-Barrero, eds., Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship, A European Approach. London: Routledge, 23–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, C. 2009. Reflections on the Revolution in Europe: Immigration, Islam and the West. London: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commission on the Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain (CMEB). 2000. The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain. London: Profile Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhami, R.S., Squires, J., and Modood, T. 2006. Developing Positive Action Policies: Learning from the Experiences of Europe and North America. Department for Work and Pensions Research Report no. 406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Entzinger, H. 2007. The parallel decline of multiculturalism and the welfare state in the Netherlands. In: K. Banting, and W. Kymlicka, eds., Multiculturalism and the Welfare State. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 177–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fekete, L. 2011. The co-ordinated attack on multiculturalism. Open Democracy. Available from: http://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/liz-fekete/coordinated-attack-on-multiculturalism [Accessed 22 February 2013].

  • Gerdes, J., and Faist, T. 2006. ‘Von ethnischer zu republikanischer Integration: Der Diskurs um die Reform des deutschen Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts’. Berliner Journal für Soziologie, Nr. 3, 16(3), 313–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilroy, P. 1987. There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogolin, I., Neumann, U., and Roth, H.J. 2003. Förderung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund. Gutachten. Bonn: Bund-Länder-Kommission für Bildungsplanung und Forschungsförderung, http://www.bmbf.de/pub/studie_foerderung_migration.pdf [Accessed 22 February 2013].

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawley, C. 2006. A German State Quizes Muslim Immigrants on Jews, Gays and Swim Lessons’ [online], Spiegel On-Line International, 31January 2006. Available from: http://www.spiegel.de/international/muslim-profiling-a-german-state-quizes-muslim-immigrants-on-jews-gays-and-swim-lessons-a-397482. html [Accessed 8 December 2012].

  • HM Government. 2002. Towards Equality and Diversity. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Home Office. 2002. Secure Borders, Safe Haven: Integration with Diversity in Modern Britain. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Home Office. 2004. Life in the United Kingdom: A Journey to Citizenship. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Home Office. 2005. Controlling Our Borders. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Home Office. 2008. Paths to Citizenship. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, D. 2004. Pacifying national majorities in the Brussels capital region: What about the immigrant minority groups? In: E. Lantschner, and A. Morawa, eds., European Yearbook of Minority Issues, 2(2002/3), Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 309–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, D. 2008. Belgium and Its Struggle with Citizenship. Canadian Diversity, 6(4), 28–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, D., and Rea, A. 2007. The end of national models? Integration courses and citizenship trajectories in Europe. International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 9(2), 264–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joppke, C. 1999. How immigration is changing citizenship: A comparative view. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22(4), 629–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joppke, C. 2004. The retreat of multiculturalism in the liberal state: Theory and policy. British Journal of Sociology, 55(2), 237–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiwan, D. 2008. Education for Inclusive Citizenship. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koopmans, R., Statham, P., Giugni, M., and Passy, F. 2005. Contested Citizenship: Immigration and Cultural Diversity in Europe. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, M. 1997. Britain TM: Renewing Our Identity. London: Demos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik, M. 2008. Modernising discrimination law: Proposals for a single equality act for Britain (2007). International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 9(2), 73–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandaville, P. 2009. Muslim transnational identity and state responses in Europe and the UK after 9/11. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35(3), 491–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manz, S. 2004. Constructing a normative national identity: The Leitkulture debate in Germany, 200/2001. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 25(5 & 6), 481–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meer, N. 2010. The impact of European equality directives upon British antidiscrimination legislation. Policy & Politics, 38(2), 197–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meer, N. 2012. Misrecognising Muslim consciousness in Europe. Ethnicities, 12(2), 178–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meer, N., and Modood, T. 2011. The multicultural states we’re in. In: A. Triandafyllidou, T. Modood, and N. Meer, eds., European Multiculturalism(s): Cultural, Religious and Ethnic Challenges. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meer, N., and Modood, T. 2012. How does interculturalism contrast with multiculturalism? Journal of Intercultural Studies, 33(2), 175–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meer, N., and Mouritsen, P. 2009. Political cultures compared: Muhammad cartoons in the Danish and British press. Ethnicities, 9(3), 334–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modood, T. 1992. Not Easy Being British: Colour, Culture and Citizenship. London: Runnymede Trust and Trentham Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Modood, T. 2012. Post-Immigration “Difference” and Integration: the Case of Muslims in Western Europe. London: The British Academy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Modood, T., and Meer, N. 2011. Framing multicultural citizenship in Europe. In: A. Triandafyllidou, T. Modood, and N. Meer, eds., European Multiculturalism(s): Cultural, Religious and Ethnic Challenges. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Modood, T. and Meer, N. 2012. Assessing the divergences on our reading of interculturalism and multiculturalism. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 33(2), 175–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morelli, A. 1992. Histoire des étrangers et de l’immigration en Belgique. De la préhistoire à nos jours, Brussels: Editions Vie Ouvrière.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mouritsen, P. 2006. The particular universalism of a nordic civic nation. Common values, state religion and Islam in Danish Political culture. In: T. Modood, A. Triandafyllidou, and R. Zapata-Barrero, eds., Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship. London: Routledge, 70–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mouritsen, P. 2009. Citizenship versus Islam? Civic integration in Germany, Great Britain and Denmark, Draft paper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orgad, L. 2009. Cultural defence of nations: Cultural citizenship in France, Germany and the Netherlands. European Law Journal, 15(6), 719–737.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Østergård, U. 1992. Peasants and Danes: The Danish national identity and political culture. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 34, 3–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schönwälder, K. 2001. Abgrenzung und Integration: Die Politik der Labour-Regierungen zwischen 1964 und 1970. In: K. Schönwälder und I. Sturm-Martin (Hg.), Die britische Gesellschaft zwischen Offenheit und Abgrenzung: Einwanderung und Integration vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert, Bodenheim: Philo 2001, S. 1033–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, P. 2005. The measurement of racial discrimination: The policy use of statistics. International Journal of Social Science, 183, 9–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Triandafyllidou, A., Modood, T., and Meer, N., eds. 2011. European Multiculturalism(s): Cultural, Religious and Ethnic Challenges. London: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uberoi, V. 2008. Do policies of multiculturalism change national identities? The Political Quarterly, 79(3), 404–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uberoi, V., and T. Modood, T. 2009. Who doesn’t feel British? Divisions over Muslims. Parliamentary Affairs, 63, 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van De Vijver, F., Schalk-Soekar, S., Arends-Tóth, J., and Breugelmans, S. 2006. ‘Cracks in the wall of multiculturalism?’ A review of attitudinal studies in the Netherlands. IJMS International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 8(1), 102–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walzer, M. 1994. Thick and Thin. Notre-Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2013 Nasar Meer and Tariq Modood

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Meer, N., Modood, T. (2013). Diversity and Nationality: Contemporary Developments in Five European Citizenship Regimes. In: Kiwan, D. (eds) Naturalization Policies, Education and Citizenship. Palgrave Politics of Identity and Citizenship Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137315519_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics