Skip to main content

‘A Piecemeal Approach with No Vision’: French Policy Towards Africa under Nicolas Sarkozy

  • Chapter
The Sarkozy Presidency

Part of the book series: French Politics, Society and Culture Series ((FPSC))

  • 134 Accesses

Abstract

In December 2007, the French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, welcomed Colonel Muammar Ghadafi on a state visit, even allowing the Libyan leader to plant his bedouin tent in the grounds of the Elysée Palace. Some three years later, Sarkozy was at the forefront of the NATO-led campaign against Ghadafi. This dramatic change of posture was ultimately the result of quite a specific set of circumstances: the urgency of the humanitarian situation in Benghazi, Sarkozy’s readiness to order air strikes without even consulting his own Foreign Ministry, and France’s need to regain the initiative in North Africa after being caught off guard by the speed of the revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt. Yet however unique the Libyan case may have been, it did reflect a new readiness on the part of French policy-makers to overhaul existing practices and accompany the spontaneous popular movements that had sprung up across North Africa. In so doing, it highlighted the sheer immobility of French policy south of the Sahara and led to renewed demands for a rupture (a clean break) with Françafrique (France’s neocolonial, clientelistic and, often corrupt, relations with black Africa).1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arfi, F. and Laske, K. (2012), ‘50 Millions Pour Sarkozy’, Médiapart, http://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/030512/50-millions-pour-sarkozy-lancien-premier-ministre-libyen-confirme. Accessed 20 June 2012.

  • Bayart, J.-F. (1983), Mitterrand et l’Afrique, Paris: Fayard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayart, J.-F. (2010a), ‘Quelle politique africaine pour la France?’, 25 October, http://blogs.mediapart.fr/blog/jean-francois-bayart/251010/quelle-politique-africaine-pour-la-france. Accessed 2 June 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayart, J.-F. (2010b), ‘Le piège de la lutte anti-terroriste en Afrique de l’Ouest’, 28 July, http://blogs.mediapart.fr/blog/jean-François-bayart/280710/le-piege-de-la-lutte-anti-terroriste-en-afrique-de-louest. Accessed 2 June 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayart, J.-F. (2011), ‘Quelle politique africaine pour la France?’, Politique Africaine, 121, 147–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benquet, P. (2010), Françafrique, 50 années sous le sceau du secret, DVD, Paris: France 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunel, S. (1993), Le Gaspillage de l’Aide Publique, Paris: Seuil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chafer, T. (2002), ‘Franco-African Relations: No Longer So Exceptional?’, African Affairs, 101, 343–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chafer, T. (2008), ‘From Confidence to Confusion: Franco-African Relations in the Era of Globalisation’, in J. Szarka and M. Maclean (eds), France on the World Stage, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 37–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chafer, T. and Cumming, G.D. (2010), ‘Beyond Fashoda: Anglo-French Security Cooperation in Africa’, International Affairs, 86 (5), 1129–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charbonneau, B. (2012’), ‘War and Peace in Côte d’Ivoire’, International Peacekeeping, 19 (4), 508–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chasles, J.-M. (2011), ‘La politique africaine de Nicolas Sarkozy au prisme des relations franco-tchadiennes’, Dynamiques Internationales, no 4, http://www.dynamiques-internationales.com/publications/numeros-1-a-5/numero-4-mai-2011/. Accessed 10 June 2012.

  • Chataîgner, J.-M. (2006), ‘Principes et réalités de la politique africaine de la France’, Afrique contemporaine, 4, 247–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chrétien, J.-P. (ed.) (2008), L’Afrique de Sarkozy. Un déni d’histoire, Paris: Karthala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christ, J.-L. (2008), Rapport d’information sur la politique de la France en Afrique, Paris: Assemblée Nationale, 17 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, A. (2012), ‘The Fast Presidency?’, Contemporary French and Francophone Studies, 16 (3), 311–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daoud, A. (2012), ‘France’s New President: Foreign Policy’, North Africa Journal, 9 May, http://www.north-africa.com/social_polics/security_politics/1mayten47.html. Accessed 3 August 2012.

  • Darracq, V. (forthcoming), France and the Rise of Emerging Countries in Africa, London: Chatham House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deltombe, T. (2012), ‘La France, acteur-clé de la crise malgache’, Monde Diplomatique, March, http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2012/03/DELTOMBE/47470. Accessed 2 August 2012.

  • De Rohan, J. (2011), Rapport d’information n°324 sur la politique africaine, French Senate, 28 February.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Council (2012), ‘CSDP Civil Mission in Sahel’, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/1704249/fact_sheet_sahel_coordinated9_july.pdf. Accessed 1 August 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferras, P. (2011), ‘Djibouti et Abu Dhabi: rupture ou continuité?’, Dynamiques Internationales, no 4, http://www.dynamiques-internationales.com/publications/numeros-1-a-5/numero-4-mai-2011/. Accessed 10 June 2012.

  • Figaro (2011), ‘Les deux ôtages tués’, 9 January, http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2011/01/08/01003–20110108ARTFIG00354-deux-francais-enleves-au-niger.php. Accessed 1 August 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gandois, H. (2011), ‘La politique africaine de la France au Conseil de sécurité’, Dynamiques Internationales, no. 4, http://www.dynamiques-internationales.com/publications/numeros-1-a-5/numero-4-mai-2011/. Accessed 10 June 2012.

  • Gassama, M. (ed.) (2008), L’Afrique répond à Sarkozy, Paris: Philippe Rey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gattegno, H. (2008), ‘L’homme qui a tué Bockel’, Le Point, 27 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, A. and Smith, S. (2008), Sarko en Afrique, Paris: Plon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnanguenon, A. (2011), ‘Introduction: Quelle politique africaine de la France?’, Dynamiques Internationales, no. 4, http://www.dynamiquesinternationales.com/publications/numeros-1-a-5/numero-4-mai-2011/. Accessed 10 June 2012.

  • Gounin, Y. (forthcoming), ‘Ite missa est? Contre quelques idées reçues autour de la politique africaine de Sarkozy’, Limes (Revista Italiana Di Geopolitica).

    Google Scholar 

  • GRIP (2011), Note du GRIP, Bruxelles: GRIP, 4 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guaino, H. (2008), ‘L’homme africain et l’histoire’, Le Monde, 27–8 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harel, X. and Hofnung, T. (2011), Le scandale des biens mal acquis, Paris: La Découverte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haski, P. (2007), ‘Les cent jours de Sarkozy’, Rue 89, 23 August, http://www.rue89.com. Accessed 10 April 2012.

  • Haski, P. (2009), ‘Virer un ministre?’, Rue 89, 7 September, http://www.rue89.com. Accessed 10 April 2012.

  • Hugon, P. (2010), ‘Où en est-on de la Françafrique?’ Revue internationale et stratégique, 77, 163–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hugeux, H. (2007), Les Sorciers Blancs, Paris: Fayard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juppé, A. (2011), Speech to ‘Arab spring’ colloqium, Paris, 16 April, http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/_91639.html. Accessed 2 August 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamga, L.K. (2011), ‘Le Président Sarkozy et les relations franco- camerounaises’, Dynamiques Internationales, no. 4, http://www.dynamiquesinternationales.com/publications/numeros-1-a-5/numero-4-mai-2011/. Accessed 10 June 2012.

  • Labarthe, G. (2011), Sarko l’Africain, Paris: Hugo & Cie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Gouriellec, S. (2011) ‘Un regard sur la politique africaine de Nicolas Sarkozy’, Dynamiques Internationales, no. 4, http://www.dynamiquesinternationales.com/publications/numeros-1-a-5/numero-4-mai-2011/. Accessed 10 June 2012.

  • Machet, L. (2012), Quelle Politique pour la France en Afrique en 2012?, Paris: Terra Nova.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mengara, D. (2010), ‘Is France Disengaging from Africa?’ in J. Mangala (ed), Africa and the New World Era, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 53–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • MFA website (2012), http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo/erythree/presentation-de-l-erythree/article/presentation-1740. Accessed 31 July 2012.

  • Moncrieff, R. (2012), French Relations with Sub-Saharan Africa under President Sarkozy, Occasional Paper no. 107, Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monde (2011), ‘La voix de la France a disparu dans le monde’, Le Monde, 22 February.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monde.fr (2011), ‘Financements occultes’, 22 November, http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2011/11/22/financements-occultes-un-proche-de-bongo-met-en-cause-sarkozy_1607637_823448.html. Accessed 2 July 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (2008), Peer Review: France, Paris: OECD.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • OECD.Statsextrac (2012), ‘OECD Statistics online’, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=TABLE3A. Accessed 3 August 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • ONE (2012), The 2012 Data Report, Paris: ONE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Péan, P. (2009), Le Monde Selon K, Paris: Fayard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Réforme (2012), ‘Assiste-t-on aux derniers feux de la Françafrique?’ 16 April, http://www.reforme.net/une/societe/politique-etrangere-assiste-t-on-aux-derniers-feux-francafrique. Accessed 20 May 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouvez, A. (1994), Disconsolate Empires, New York: University of America Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkozy, N. (2006), Speech on the Establishment of New Relations with Africa, Cotonou, 19 May, http://discours.vie-publique.fr/notices/063001811.html. Accessed 16 August 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkozy, N. (2007), Speech to the Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop, Dakar, 25 July, http://discours.vie-publique.fr/notices/077002371.html. Accessed 16 August 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkozy, N. (2008), Speech to South Africa’s Parliament, Cape Town, 28 February, http://discours.vie-publique.fr/texte/087000735.html. Accessed 16 August 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szarka, J. (2009), ‘Nicolas Sarkozy as Political Strategist’, Modern & Contemporary France, 17 (4), 407–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thiam, A. (2008), ‘La politique africaine de Nicolas Sarkozy’, Politique étrangère, 4, 873–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2013 Gordon D. Cumming

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cumming, G.D. (2013). ‘A Piecemeal Approach with No Vision’: French Policy Towards Africa under Nicolas Sarkozy. In: Raymond, G.G. (eds) The Sarkozy Presidency. French Politics, Society and Culture Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137025326_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics