Abstract
Archaeological evidence from the Bolivian Amazon’s Llanos de Moxos region points to hunter-gatherer settlements dating from 8000 BC. Small farming settlements were established by 1500 BC on the Altiplano high plains to the southeast of Lake Titicaca and one of them, Tiwanaku, developed sophisticated irrigation techniques that by AD 800 may have supported hundreds of thousands of people. However, the Tiwanaku civilization appears to have waned after AD 950 when there was a shift to drier climatic conditions. In the mid-15th century the area around Lake Titicaca came under the control of the Quechua-speaking Inca people, originally from the Cusco valley. Under Huayna Capac (1464–1527) the empire stretched along the Andes from Ecuador to Chile.
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Further Reading
Jemio, Luis Carlos, Debt, Crisis and Reform in Bolivia: Biting the Bullet. 2001
Klein, Herbert S., A Concise History of Bolivia. 2003
Morales, Waltraud Q., Bolivia. 2004
Muñoz-Pogossian, Betilde, Electoral Rules and the Transformation of Bolivian Politics: The Rise of Evo Morales. 2008
National Statistical Office: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Av. José Carrasco 1391, CP 6129, La Paz.
Website (Spanish only): http://www.ine.gob.bo
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(2022). Bolivia. In: The Statesman’s Yearbook 2023. The Statesman's Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-96056-9_31
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-96056-9_31
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Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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