Abstract
This chapter explores Philippine cinema’s representations of the bakla, a local gendered identity that conflates ideas of male homosexuality and transgenderism. By examining the films of Dolphy, the chapter outlines tropes that have become associated with the bakla, including the conversion trope, wherein the bakla are forced to conform to traditional notions of masculinity. The chapter also identifies tensions between contemporary representations of the bakla as the masculine gay man and as the transgender woman in films—tensions that also exist within the wider Southeast Asian context. Looking at the bakla as the primary queer figure in Philippine cinema enables film audiences to examine more closely similar figures in other Asian cinemas: the kathoey of Thailand, the waria of Indonesia, and the mak-nyah of Malaysia.
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Filmography
Ang Tatay kong Nanay (My Father who is my Mother). Directed by Lino Brocka. 1978.
Arisan! (The Gathering). Directed by Nia Dinata. 2003.
Bangkok Love Story (Phuean…Ku Rak Mueng Wa). Directed by Poj Arnon. 2007.
Beautiful Boxer. Directed by Ekachai Uekrongtham. 2003.
Betty Bencong Slebor. Directed by Benyamin Bahadori. 1978.
Die Beautiful. Directed by Jun Lana. 2016.
Dolpinger. Directed by Butch Bautista. 1965.
Duda (Doubt). Directed by Crisaldo Pablo. 2003.
Facifica Falayfay. Directed by Mars Torres. 1969.
I am a Man. Directed by ML. Bandevanop Devakul. 1987.
Jack & Jill. Directed by Mars Torres. 1954.
Love of Siam (Rak Haeng Sayam). Directed by Chookiat Sakveerakul. 2007.
Markova: Comfort Gay. Directed by Gil Portes. 2000.
Mga anak ni Facifica Falayfay (The Children of Facifica Falayfay). Directed by Romy S. Villaflor. 1987.
Miguel/Michelle. Directed by Gil Portes. 1998.
Petrang Kabayo (Peter the Horse). Directed by Wenn Deramas. 2010.
Quick Change. Directed by Eduardo Roy, Jr. 2013.
The Adventure of Iron Pussy (Hua jai tor ra nong). Directed by Apitchatpong Weerasakul. 2003.
The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros (Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros). Directed by Auraeus Solito. 2005.
The Celluloid Closet. Directed by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman. 1996.
The Iron Ladies. Directed by Youngyooth Thongkonthun. 2000.
The Last Song. Directed by Phisan Akseranee. 1985.
Tortured Love. Directed by Phisan Akseranee. 1987.
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Inton, M.N. (2018). Exploring the Dolphy Bakla: Queerness in Philippine Cinema. In: Magnan-Park, A., Marchetti, G., Tan, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Asian Cinema. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95822-1_28
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