Abstract
This chapter analyzes the changes that occurred in Bolivia from the 1940s onward, emphasizing how the racial/ethnic social structure coincided with class. The emancipatory character of the 1952 Revolution allowed the integration of peasants and indigenous peoples in the citizenry, but different waves of social mobilization were necessary to allow the majority of indigenous citizens to construct a favorable power balance in society and in the political system. The strengthening of autonomous peasant and indigenous organizations in which women were key actors, from the 1970s to the 2000s, led to the election of the first indigenous president in 2005, Evo Morales. From then on, the fate of the indigenous movement has been inextricably linked to Morales’ government’s orientations and decisions. New tensions and divisions have appeared within the sectors that had rallied under Morales’ leadership to access state power.
Estamos recordando nuestra historia, esa historia negra, esa historia permanente de humillación, esa ofensiva, esas mentiras. De todo nos han dicho, verdad que duele, pero tampoco estamos para seguir llorando por los 500 años. Ya no estamos en esa época, estamos en época de triunfo, de alegría, de fiesta. Por eso creo que es importante cambiar nuestra historia, cambiar nuestra Bolivia, cambiar nuestra Latinoamérica.
Evo Morales, Bolivia’s president (2006–). Discourse on the day of his inauguration, National Congress of Bolivia, January 22, 2006
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Rousseau, S., Hudon, A.M. (2017). Indigenous Movements Merge into Party and State Politics. In: Indigenous Women’s Movements in Latin America. Crossing Boundaries of Gender and Politics in the Global South. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95063-8_2
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