Abstract
Using autobiographies, memoirs and oral testimony, this chapter suggests that the music favoured by teenagers, and the magazines they read, served to reinforce traditional values of love and marriage and were in not symptomatic of rebellion or revolution. The women who were interviewed were teenagers during the 1960s and the early 1970s, born between 1947 and 1958; they were questioned concerning their tastes in music, magazines and men and were asked to explain the influences upon their expectations of love and romance. For adolescent girls growing up during the 1960s, the consumption of both music and magazines were integral to their lives, the messages within them contributing to the ‘romantic expectations’ of teenage girls and preparing them for marriage as a much anticipated and inevitable destination.
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Notes
- 1.
The title of this article comes from Darlene Love, ‘(Today I Met) The Boy I’m Gonna Marry’ (1963). In 1963 Love reached number 39 in the American Hot 100 with this track.
- 2.
J. Obelkevich, ‘Consumption’, in J. Obelkevich and P. Catterall, (eds.) Understanding Post-war British Society (London, 1994), p. 143 (Obelkevich 1994); D. Sandbrook, White Heat: A History of Britain in the Swinging Sixties (London, 2006), p. 56 (Sandbrook 2006); J. Clarke and T. Jefferson, ‘working class youth cultures’ in A. Gray, J. Campbell, M. Erikson, S. Hanson and H. Wood, (eds.) CCCS Selected Working Papers Volume 2 (London, 2007), p. 201 (Clarke and Jefferson 2007); C. Langhamer, The English in Love: The Intimate Story of an Emotional Revolution (Oxford, 2013), p. 56 (Langhamer 2013): D. Kynaston, Modernity Britain: A Shake of the Dice, 1959–62 (London, 2014) (Kynaston 2014); M. P. Donnelly, Sixties Britain: Culture, Society and Politics (Harlow, 2005), p. 3 (Donnelly 2005).
- 3.
M. Abrams, The Teenage Consumer (London, 1959), p. 7 (Abrams 1959).
- 4.
Abrams, Teenage Consumer, p. 5.
- 5.
Abrams, Teenage Consumer, p. 10.
- 6.
The concept was first introduced in 1975 by A. McRobbie and J. Garber, ‘Girls and subcultures’, in S. Hall and T. Jefferson (eds.) Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain (London, 1975) (McRobbie and Garber 1975); A. McRobbie, Feminism and Youth Culture (Basingstoke, 2000) pp. 4–16 (McRobbie 2000); A. McRobbie and J. Garber, ‘Girls and subcultures’ in A. Gray, J. Campbell, M. Erikson, S. Hanson and H. Wood (eds.) CCCS Selected Working Papers Volume 2 (London, 2007), p. 222 (McRobbie and Garber 2007). For a more recent discussion, S. Lincoln, Youth Culture and Private Space (Basingstoke, 2012) (Lincoln 2012).
- 7.
Obelkevich, ‘Consumption’, p. 146
- 8.
McRobbie, Feminism and Youth Culture, p. 9. pp. 22–3; S. Frith, The Sociology of Rock (London, 1978), p. 64 (Frith 1978).
- 9.
- 10.
B. Masters, The Swinging Sixties (London, 1985), p. 34 (Masters 1985).
- 11.
- 12.
Oral interviews and autobiographies.
- 13.
P. Laurie, The Teenage Revolution (London, 1965), p. 23 (Laurie 1965).
- 14.
Laurie, Teenage Revolution, p. 152.
- 15.
Donelly, Sixties Britain, p. 36.
- 16.
MW in T. Johnson, The Mill Girls (London, 2014), p. 311 (Johnson 2014).
- 17.
The Black Country Bugle.
- 18.
R. Watkiss, ‘Old Habits Persist, Change and Continuity in Black Country Communities: Pensnett, Sedgley and Tipton, 1945–c. 1970’ (unpublished PhD thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2014) (Watkiss 2014).
- 19.
Although for a larger study this would be a necessity.
- 20.
Laurie, Teenage Revolution, p. 88.
- 21.
S. Brooke, ‘A certain amount of mush: love, romance, celluloid and wax in the mid twentieth century’, in A. Harris and T.W. Jones (eds.) Love and Romance in Britain, 1918–1970 (Basingstoke, 2015), p. 83 (Brooke 2015).
- 22.
Brooke ‘A certain amount of mush’, p. 82.
- 23.
Abrams, Teenage Consumer, p. 1.
- 24.
P. Granger, Up West; Voices from the Streets of Post-War London (London, 2009) (Granger 2009).
- 25.
Donnelly, Sixties Britain, p. 35.
- 26.
Laurie, Teenage Revolution, p. 77.
- 27.
KB.
- 28.
LS.
- 29.
LL, JB.
- 30.
McRobbie, Feminism and Youth Culture, p. 4; Lincoln, Youth Culture and Private Space.
- 31.
Donnelly, Sixties Britain, p. 35; Lincoln, Youth Culture and Private Space. In her introduction Lincoln confesses that her bedroom was ‘almost becoming a kind of shrine’ to the band Bros., p. 4.
- 32.
All artistes and tracks mentioned in this chapter were those recalled by respondents. KB, LS, LH, WS.
- 33.
KB.
- 34.
LS, LL, SN, DF, JB.
- 35.
TM, LS, LL, WS, LH, JB.
- 36.
LJ.
- 37.
KD.
- 38.
TB.
- 39.
LS.
- 40.
SN. See remarks before reference 110.
- 41.
LS.
- 42.
TO.
- 43.
SN.
- 44.
DA.
- 45.
TB.
- 46.
DF.
- 47.
DF.
- 48.
KB.
- 49.
LH.
- 50.
C.A. Stafford and A. Crowe, Us Kids: Growing Up in Ladywood, 1945–1960 (Birmingham, 1998), p. 156 (Stafford and Crowe 1998).
- 51.
TB.
- 52.
Freda Payne, Band of Gold (1970).
- 53.
Brooke, ‘A certain amount of mush’, p. 86.
- 54.
C. Brown, The Death of Christian England: Understanding Secularisation 1800–2000 (Abingdon, 2001), p. 178 (Brown 2001).
- 55.
SN.
- 56.
This is true at least until the late 1960s, for some magazines it was much longer.
- 57.
P. Tinkler, Constructing Girlhood: Popular Magazines for Girls Growing Up in England, 1920–1950 (London, 1995), p. 3 (Tinkler 1995).
- 58.
C. Hathorne, Five Minutes’ Love (Dudley, 2006), p. 149 (Hathorne 2006).
- 59.
SN, LS, JB.
- 60.
LJ.
- 61.
Valentine (1957).
- 62.
A. McRobbie, ‘Jackie: An ideology of adolescent feminity’ (Occasional Paper, Women Series: SP No. 53, Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham, 1978) (McRobbie 1978).
- 63.
Sandbrook, White Heat, p. 227.
- 64.
Honey (1966).
- 65.
Marilyn, 3 June 1961, p. 1. Thanks to Dr Mike Cunningham (University of Wolverhampton) for remarking that the storyline had ‘echoes of the song “It Should Have Been Me”’ (1963), written by Whitfield and Stevenson for Kim Weston, covered by Gladys Knight and the Pips (1968) and subsequently by other artistes.
- 66.
Jackie, 11 January 1964.
- 67.
Brown, The Death of Christian England.
- 68.
L. Stras, ‘Introduction: She’s so fine, or why girl singers still matter’ in L. Stras (ed.) She’s so Fine: Reflections on Whiteness, Adolescence and Class in 1960s Music (Farnham, 2011), p. 18 (Stras 2011).
- 69.
J. E. Gardner ‘She Got Her Man, But Could She Keep Him? Love and marriage in American romance comics, 1947–1954’, The Journal of American Culture, 36 (1) (2013), 24 (Gardner 2013).
- 70.
LJ.
- 71.
Valentine, 21 September 1963, p. 1.
- 72.
KD. This was endorsed by LS, LL and others.
- 73.
Langhamer, The English in Love, p. 173.
- 74.
McRobbie, Feminism and Youth Culture, p. 86.
- 75.
‘Modes and morals’ The Economist, 28 November 1953, p. 644. It is, however, important to note that by the mid-1970s the content and the message of the magazines was, almost imperceptibly, changing,
- 76.
Langhamer, The English in Love, p. 86.
- 77.
LH.
- 78.
TB.
- 79.
LH.
- 80.
CH.
- 81.
LS.
- 82.
GP.
- 83.
Laurie, Teenage Revolution, p. 70.
- 84.
Langhamer, The English in Love, p. 210.
- 85.
Hyams, White Boots, pp. xiv–xv.
- 86.
LS.
- 87.
SV ‘Memories of Walsall in the Swinging 60s’ The Black Country Bugle, 13 June 2013, p. 11.
- 88.
CH Telephone interview 15 October 2015.
- 89.
TB, LS, LL, JB, LH.
- 90.
GP.
- 91.
DF, LH, SN.
- 92.
LH, JB.
- 93.
LS, SN, LL.
- 94.
GP.
- 95.
DF, LS, SN.
- 96.
CH.
- 97.
JC.
- 98.
DF. When they married, in 1976, she was still considering the financial implications for her father. ‘There were only twelve guests at the wedding. I had to have a white dress because mum made me but I had my way over the rest of the wedding. As I was twenty-five it was easier to stand up for myself.’
- 99.
LS, WT, JB.
- 100.
LL, GB, TB.
- 101.
A. Pressley, The 50s and 60s: The Best of Times (London, 2003), p. 197 (Pressley 2003).
- 102.
LS, LL, SN.
- 103.
KB.
- 104.
It is interesting to note that even girls who left home to study at university and teacher training college returned home at the end of their training – all except JG who got married and ‘gained her freedom’.
- 105.
LH, LL.
- 106.
LS.
- 107.
BT.
- 108.
LS.
- 109.
LL.
- 110.
LS.
- 111.
LH.
- 112.
BT, LS, LL, JB, LH.
- 113.
SN.
- 114.
SN.
- 115.
LS.
- 116.
WT.
- 117.
LS.
- 118.
DF.
- 119.
LS, LL, DF, SN.
- 120.
DF.
- 121.
Pressley, The 50s and 60s, pp. 192–7. Anonymous respondents.
- 122.
C. Hathorne, All Shook Up (Dudley, 2007), p. 26 (Hathorne 2007).
- 123.
A. Johnson, This Boy: A Memoir of a Childhood (London, 2013), p. 274 (Johnson 2013).
- 124.
LS.
- 125.
LS.
- 126.
SN.
- 127.
SN.
- 128.
JG She was the only respondent who admitted ‘putting it about a bit’ with previous boyfriends. Jean’s marriage ended in divorce in 1985.
- 129.
WS.
- 130.
SN.
- 131.
GP.
- 132.
LJ.
- 133.
LS.
- 134.
LJ.
- 135.
C. Hathorne, Those Were the Days (Dudley, 2013), p. 80 (Hathorne 2013).
- 136.
CH Telephone interview 15 October 2015; Hathorne, Those Were the Days, p. 122.
- 137.
LL, LS, JB, BT, JG.
- 138.
WS.
- 139.
LS, 1970; AEB A-level exam paper.
- 140.
Dudley Herald, 2 July 1955.
- 141.
A.M. Mangan, Me and Mine (London, 2012), p. 175 (Mangan 2012).
- 142.
LL, TB, WS.
- 143.
Dudley Herald, 6 March 1965.
- 144.
Martha Reeves and the Vandellas (1967) ‘Third Finger Left Hand’ Gordy Records. ‘Third Finger Left Hand’ was on the B side of ‘Jimmy Mack’ and was covered in 1970 by British duo The Pearls
- 145.
Love Affair, (1968) ‘Everlasting Love’ CBS Records. The single, first released by Robert Knight in 1967, reached 40 in the UK charts in January 1968, but was number one in the singles chart for Love Affair in February 1968.
- 146.
McRobbie, Feminism and Youth Culture, p. 101.
- 147.
Jackie, 11 January 1964.
- 148.
Marilyn, June 1961.
- 149.
Laurie, Teenage Rebellion, p. 65.
- 150.
Manfred Mann (1965) ‘Semi-Detached Suburban Mr James’, Fontana Record Label.
- 151.
Laurie, Teenage Rebellion, p, 65.
- 152.
Pressley, The 50s and 60s, p. 196. Anonymous respondent.
- 153.
LS; LL.
- 154.
BT, SN, LS, JG.
- 155.
LS.
- 156.
BT.
- 157.
DF.
- 158.
R. Pierce ‘Marriage in the 50s’ The Sociological Review, 11 (2) (July 1963) pp. 215–40 (Pierce 1963).
- 159.
TB.
- 160.
LL was quoting her grandmother here.
- 161.
JG.
- 162.
LL, JB interviewed together.
- 163.
Laurie, Teenage Revolution, p. 153.
- 164.
WS.
- 165.
CH.
References
M. Abrams, The Teenage Consumer (London, 1959), p. 7.
M. Akhtar and S. Humphries, The Fifties and Sixties: A Lifestyle Revolution (London, 2001), p. 80.
S. Brooke, ‘A Certain Amount of Mush: Love, Romance, Celluloid and Wax in the Mid Twentieth Century’ in A. Harris and T.W. Jones (eds.) Love and Romance in Britain, 1918–1970 (Basingstoke, 2015), p. 83.
C. Brown, The Death of Christian England: Understanding Secularisation 1800–2000 (Abingdon, 2001), p. 178.
J. Clarke and T. Jefferson, ‘Working Class Youth Cultures’ in A. Gray, J. Campbell, M. Erikson, S. Hanson and H. Wood, (eds.) CCCS Selected Working Papers Volume 2 (London, 2007), p. 201.
C. Davies, Permissive Britain: Social Change in the Sixties and Seventies (London, 1975), p. 69.
M. P. Donnelly, Sixties Britain: Culture, Society and Politics (Harlow, 2005), p. 3.
S. Frith, The Sociology of Rock (London, 1978), p. 64.
J. E. Gardner ‘She Got Her Man, But Could She Keep Him? Love and Marriage in American Romance Comics, 1947–1954’, The Journal of American Culture, 36, 1 (2013), p. 24.
P. Granger, Up West; Voices from the Streets of Post-War London (London, 2009).
C. Hathorne, Five Minutes Love (Dudley, 2006), p. 149.
C. Hathorne, All Shook Up (Dudley, 2007), p. 26.
C. Hathorne, Those Were the Days (Dudley, 2013), p. 80.
J. Hyams, White Boots and Mini Skirts (London, 2013).
A. Johnson, This Boy: A Memoir of a Childhood (London, 2013), p. 274.
T. Johnson, The Mill Girls (London, 2014), p. 311.
D. Kynaston, Modernity Britain: A Shake of the Dice, 1959–62 (London, 2014).
C. Langhamer, The English in Love: The Intimate Story of an Emotional Revolution (Oxford, 2013), p. 56.
P. Laurie, The Teenage Revolution (London, 1965), p. 23.
S. Lincoln, Youth Culture and Private Space (Basingstoke, 2012).
A.M. Mangan, Me and Mine (London, 2012), p. 175.
B. Masters, The Swinging Sixties (London, 1985), p. 34.
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J. Obelkevich, ‘Consumption’ in J. Obelkevich and P. Catterall, (eds.) Understanding Post-war British Society (London, 1994), p. 143.
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A. Pressley, The 50s and 60s: The Best of Times (London, 2003), p. 197.
D. Sandbrook, White Heat: A History of Britain in the Swinging Sixties (London, 2006), p. 56.
C.A. Stafford and A. Crowe, Us Kids: Growing Up in Ladywood, 1945–1960 (Birmingham, 1998), p. 156.
L. Stras, ‘Introduction: She’s so fine, or why girl singers still matter’ in L. Stras (ed.) She’s so Fine: Reflections on Whiteness, Adolescence and Class in 1960s Music (Farnham, 2011), p. 18.
J. Street-Porter, Baggage: My Childhood (London, 2004).
P. Tinkler, Constructing Girlhood: Popular Magazines for Girls Growing Up in England, 1920–1950 (London, 1995), p. 3.
R. Watkiss, ‘Old Habits Persist, Change and Continuity in Black Country Communities: Pensnett, Sedgley and Tipton, 1945–c. 1970‘’, (Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2014).
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Singleton, R.W. (2017). ‘(Today I Met) The Boy I’m Gonna Marry’: Romantic Expectations of Teenage Girls in the 1960s West Midlands. In: Gildart, K., et al. Youth Culture and Social Change. Palgrave Studies in the History of Subcultures and Popular Music. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52911-4_6
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