Abstract
The authors present briefly the basic notions of the quantum formalism: pure and mixed states; quantum observables; quantum probability; Born’s rule, superposition, and ‘state collapse’; the projection postulate (von Neumann–Lüders postulate); Dirac’s ket and bra-vector notations; elements of quantum information theory and quantum logic; Schrödinger’s and von Neumann’s equations; unitary dynamics; and positive operator valued measures. They also define the basic mathematical notions related to the quantum formalism: Hilbert space; scalar product; norm; Hermitian operator (matrix); projector; and unitary operator and adjoint operator. This chapter may be useful for newcomers to the field, but for those readers who have preliminary knowledge about quantum mechanics (QM) they can proceed directly to advanced chapters.
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Haven, E., Khrennikov, A. (2017). A Brief Introduction to Quantum Formalism. In: Haven, E., Khrennikov, A. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Quantum Models in Social Science. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-49276-0_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-49276-0_1
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