Abstract
The motivation for this chapter is to introduce novel short-term adaptive models to trade the FTSE100 index. There are five major contributions to this chapter, which include the introduction of an input selection criteria when utilizing an expansive universe of inputs, adaptive sliding window modelling, a hybrid combination of PSO and RBF algorithms, the application of a PSO algorithm to a traditional ARMA model, and finally the introduction of a multi-objective algorithm to optimize statistical and trading performance when trading an equity index.
Both machine learning-based methodologies and more conventional models are adapted and optimized to model the index. A PSO algorithm is used to optimize the weights in a traditional RBF neural network (NN) and the AR (autoregressive) and MA (moving average) terms in an ARMA model. Other benchmarks include a traditional MLPNN (multi-layer perceptron neural network) and a GAMLPNN (genetic assisted multi-layer perceptron neural network) that uses a genetic algorithm for input selection and to determine optimal weights.
The empirical results indicate that the adaptive PSO RBF (particle swarm optimization radial basis function) model outperforms all other examined models in terms of trading accuracy and profitability.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
As at 31 August 2007—source: FTSE Group (2007).
- 2.
As at 29 March 2013—source: FTSE Group (2013).
References
Li, Y., & Ma, W. (2010). Applications of artificial neural networks in financial economics: A survey. Proceedings of International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID), 1, 211–214.
Kennedy, J., & Eberhart, R. C. (1997). Particle Swarm Optimization (pp. 1942–1948). Orlando: Proceedings of International Conference on Neural Networks.
Ding, H., Xiao, Y., & Yue, J. (2005). Adaptive training of radial basis function networks using particle swarm optimization algorithm. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3610, 119–128.
Sermpinis, G., Theofilatos, K., Karathanasopoulos, A., Georgopoulos, E., & Dunis, C. (2013). Forecasting foreign exchange rates with adaptive neural networks using radial-basis functions and particle swarm optimization. European Journal of Operational Research, 225(3), 528–540.
Weigend, A. S., Huberman, B. A., & Rummelhart, E. D. (1990). Predicting the future: A connectionist approach. International Journal of Neural Systems, 1(3), 345–346.
Lowe, D. (1994). Novel Exploration of Neural Network Methods in Financial Markets, Neural Networks, 1994. IEEE World Congresson Computational Intelligence, 6, 3623–3428.
Tamiz, M., Hasham, R., Jones, D. F., Hesni, B., & Fargher E., K. (1996). A Two Staged Goal Programming Model for Portfolio Selection. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 432, 286–299.
Omran, M. F. (1996). Non Linear Dependence and Conditional Heteroscedacity in Stock Returns : UK evidence. Applied Economics Letters, 4(10), 647–650.
Lee, C. M., & Ko, C. N. (2009). Time prediction using RBF Neural Netwoks with nonlinear time-varying evolution PSO algorithm. Neurocomputing, 73(1-3), 449–460.
Yan, X. B., Wang, Z., Yu, S. H., & Li, Y. J. (2005). Time Series Forecasting with RBF Neural Network. Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Proceedings, 8, 4680–4683.
Marcek, D., Marcek, M., & Babel, J. (2009). Granular RBF NN Approach and statistical Methods Applied to Modelling and Forecasting High Frequency Data. International Journal of Computational Intelligence systems, 2(4), 353–364.
Cao, L. J., & Tay, F. E. H. (2003). Support vector machine with adaptive parameters in financial time series forecasting. IEEE transactions on Neural Networks, 14(6), 1506–1518.
Enke, D., & Thawornwong, S. (2005). The use old data mining and neural networks for forecasting stock markets returns. Expert Systems with Applications, 29(4), 927–940.
De Freitas, J. F. G., Niranjan, M., Gee, A. H., & Doucet, A. (2000). Sequential Monte Carlo Methods to Train Neural Networks Models. Neural Computation, 12(4), 995–993.
Schittenkopf, C., P. Tino, and G. Dorffner. The profitability of trading volatility using real-valued and symbolic models. InIEEE/IAFE/INFORMS 2000 Conference on Compuational Intelligencefor Financial Engineering (CIFEr), pages 8–11, 2000.
Tino, P., Schittenkopf, C., & Dorffner, G. (2001). Financial volatility trading using recurrent neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 12(4), 865–874.
Sallans, B., Pfister, A.,Karatzoglou, A., & Dorffner, G. (2003). Simulation and validation of an integrated markets model. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 6(4).
Jasic, T., & Wood, D. (2004). The profitability of daily stock indices trades based on neural network predictions: Case study for the S&P 500, the Dax, the Topix, and the FTSE100 in the Period 1965–1999. Applied Financial Economics, 14(4), 285–297.
Bennell, J., & Sutcliffe, C. (2005). Black and scholes versus artificial neural networks in pricing FTSE100 options. Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management: An International Journal, 12(4), 243–260.
Edelman, D. (2008). Using Kalman-Filtered Radial Basis Function Networks for index Arbitrage in the financial markets. Natural Computing in Computing in Computational Finance Studies in Computational Intelligence, 100, 187–195.
Tang, L.-B., Tang, L.-X., & Sheng, H.-Y. (2009). Forecasting Volatility based on Wavelet Support Vector Machines. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2), 2901–2909.
Miazhynskaia, T., Fruhwirth-Schnatter, S., & Dorffner, G. (2006). Bayesian testing for non-linearity in volatility modeling. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 51(3), 2029–2042.
Dunis, C., Likothanassis, S., Karathanasopoulos, A., Sermpinis, G., & Theofilatos, K. (2013). A hybrid genetic algorithm-support vector machine approach in the task of forecasting and trading. Journal of Asset Management, 14, 52–71.
Nair, B., Gnana Sai, S., Naveen, A. N., Lakshimi, A., Venkatesh, G. S., & P., M. V. (2011). A GA-Artificial neural network hybrid system for financial time series forecasting. Information Technology and Mobile Communication, 147, 499–506.
Karathanasopoulos, A., Theofilatos, K., Leloudas, P., and Likothanassis, S. (2010). Modeling the ASE 20 Greek index using Artificial Neural Networks Combined with Genetic Algorithms. Lecture notes in computer science LNCS (including subseries lecture notes in artificial intelligence and lecture notes in bioinformatics) (part 1, vol. 6352, pp. 428–435).
Eberhart, R.C., and Kennedy, J. (1995). A new optimizer using particle swarm theory. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science, Nagoya, Japan, 39–43. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Service Center.
Moody, J. and Darken, C. Fast learning in networks of locally-tuned processing units. Neural Computation, 1, 281–294, 1989.
Theofilatos, K., et al. (2012). Modelling and Trading the DJIA Financial Index using neural networks optimized with adaptive evolutionary algorithms. Engineering Applications of Neural Networks, 311, 462–453.
Holland, J. (1995). Adaptation in natural and artificial systems: An introductory analysis with applications to biology, control and artificial intelligence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Roweis, S. (2013). Levenberg-arquardt optimization. http://www.cs.toronto.edu/roweis/notes/lm.pdf retrieved on 30.9.2013.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Middleton, P.W., Theofilatos, K., Karathanasopoulos, A. (2016). Trading the FTSE100 Index: ‘Adaptive’ Modelling and Optimization Techniques. In: Dunis, C., Middleton, P., Karathanasopolous, A., Theofilatos, K. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Financial Markets. New Developments in Quantitative Trading and Investment. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-48880-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-48880-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-48879-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-48880-0
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)