Abstract
Domesticated species often exhibit convergent phenotypic evolution, termed the domestication syndrome, of which loss of seed dormancy is a component. To date, dormancy genes that contribute to parallel domestication across different families have not been reported. Here, we cloned the classical stay-green G gene from soybean and found that it controls seed dormancy and showed evidence of selection during soybean domestication. Moreover, orthologs in rice and tomato also showed evidence of selection during domestication. Analysis of transgenic plants confirmed that orthologs of G had conserved functions in controlling seed dormancy in soybean, rice, and Arabidopsis. Functional investigation demonstrated that G affected seed dormancy through interactions with NCED3 and PSY and in turn modulated abscisic acid synthesis. Therefore, we identified a gene responsible for seed dormancy that has been subject to parallel selection in multiple crop families. This may help facilitate the domestication of new crops.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The sequencing data for rice accessions from this study have been deposited into the Sequence Read Archive under accession PRJNA407820.
References
Doebley, J. F., Gaut, B. S. & Smith, B. D. The molecular genetics of crop domestication. Cell 127, 1309–1321 (2006).
Hammer, K. Das domestikations syndrom. Kulturpflanze 32, 11–34 (1984).
Olsen, K. M. & Wendel, J. F. A bountiful harvest: genomic insights into crop domestication phenotypes. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 64, 47–70 (2013).
Paterson, A. H. et al. Convergent domestication of cereal crops by independent mutations at corresponding genetic loci. Science 269, 1714–1718 (1995).
Meyer, R. S. & Purugganan, M. D. Evolution of crop species: genetics of domestication and diversification. Nat. Rev. Genet. 14, 840–852 (2013).
Larson, G. et al. Current perspectives and the future of domestication studies. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 6139–6146 (2014).
Olsen, K. M. & Purugganan, M. D. Molecular evidence on the origin and evolution of glutinous rice. Genetics 162, 941–950 (2002).
Lin, Z. et al. Parallel domestication of the Shattering 1 genes in cereals. Nat. Genet. 44, 720–724 (2012).
Liu, H. et al. Parallel domestication of the Heading Date 1 gene in cereals. Mol. Biol. Evol. 32, 2726–2737 (2015).
Zhou, Y. et al. Convergence and divergence of bitterness biosynthesis and regulation in Cucurbitaceae. Nat. Plants 2, 16183 (2016).
Koornneef, M., Bentsink, L. & Hilhorst, H. Seed dormancy and germination. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5, 33–36 (2002).
Fuller, D. Q. et al. Convergent evolution and parallelism in plant domestication revealed by an expanding archaeological record. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 6147–6152 (2014).
Finch-Savage, W. E. & Leubner-Metzger, G. Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytol. 171, 501–523 (2006).
Sugimoto, K. et al. Molecular cloning of Sdr4, a regulator involved in seed dormancy and domestication of rice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 5792–5797 (2010).
Sun, L. et al. GmHs1-1, encoding a calcineurin-like protein, controls hard-seededness in soybean. Nat. Genet. 47, 939–943 (2015).
Jang, S. J. et al. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in an endo-1,4-beta-glucanase gene controls seed coat permeability in soybean. PLoS One 10, e0128527 (2015).
Chai, M. et al. A class II KNOX gene, KNOX4, controls seed physical dormancy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 6997–7002 (2016).
Sato, K. et al. Alanine aminotransferase controls seed dormancy in barley. Nat. Commun. 7, 11625 (2016).
Wilson, R. F. Soybean: Market driven research needs. in Genetics and Genomics of Soybean, Vol. 2 (ed. Stacey, G.) Chapter 1 (Springer, New York, 2008).
Guiamet, J. J. & Luquez, V. M. Effects of the ‘stay green’ genotype GGd1d1d2d2 on leaf gas exchange, dry matter accumulation and seed yield in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Ann. Bot. 87, 313–318 (2001).
Boerma, H.R. & Specht, J.E. Soybeans: Improvement, Production and Uses (American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA, 2004).
Porter, S. S. Adaptive divergence in seed color camouflage in contrasting soil environments. New Phytol. 197, 1311–1320 (2013).
Cheng, C. et al. Polyphyletic origin of cultivated rice: based on the interspersion pattern of SINEs. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20, 67–75 (2003).
Huang, X. et al. A map of rice genome variation reveals the origin of cultivated rice. Nature 490, 497–501 (2012).
Xu, X. et al. Resequencing 50 accessions of cultivated and wild rice yields markers for identifying agronomically important genes. Nat. Biotechnol. 30, 105–111 (2011).
He, Z. et al. Two evolutionary histories in the genome of rice: the roles of domestication genes. PLoS Genet. 7, e1002100 (2011).
Wang, H., Vieira, F. G., Crawford, J. E., Chu, C. & Nielsen, R. Asian wild rice is a hybrid swarm with extensive gene flow and feralization from domesticated rice. Genome Res. 27, 1029–1038 (2017).
Wang, H. et al. The power of inbreeding: NGS-based GWAS of rice reveals convergent evolution during rice domestication. Mol. Plant 9, 975–985 (2016).
Miura, K., Lin, Y., Yano, M. & Nagamine, T. Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling seed longevity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 104, 981–986 (2002).
Wan, J. M. et al. Genetic dissection of the seed dormancy trait in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Sci. 170, 786–792 (2006).
Ranc, N., Munos, S., Santoni, S. & Causse, M. A clarified position for Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme in the evolutionary history of tomatoes (Solanaceae). BMC Plant Biol. 8, 130 (2008).
Lin, T. et al. Genomic analyses provide insights into the history of tomato breeding. Nat. Genet. 46, 1220–1226 (2014).
Penfield, S. et al. Cold and light control seed germination through the bHLH transcription factor SPATULA. Curr. Biol. 15, 1998–2006 (2005).
Bentsink, L., Jowett, J., Hanhart, C. J. & Koornneef, M. Cloning of DOG1, a quantitative trait locus controlling seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 17042–17047 (2006).
Consortium, T. G. 1,135 Genomes reveal the global pattern of polymorphism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell 166, 481–491 (2016).
Atwell, S. et al. Genome-wide association study of 107 phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana inbred lines. Nature 465, 627 (2010).
Iuchi, S. et al. Regulation of drought tolerance by gene manipulation of 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 27, 325–333 (2001).
Qin, G. et al. Disruption of phytoene desaturase gene results in albino and dwarf phenotypes in Arabidopsis by impairing chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin biosynthesis. Cell Res. 17, 471–482 (2007).
Khoury, C. K. et al. Increasing homogeneity in global food supplies and the implications for food security. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 4001–4006 (2014).
Pingali, P. L. Green revolution: impacts, limits, and the path ahead. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 12302–12308 (2012).
Osterberg, J. T. et al. Accelerating the domestication of new crops: feasibility and approaches. Trends Plant Sci. 22, 373–384 (2017).
Massawe, F., Mayes, S. & Cheng, A. Crop diversity: an unexploited treasure trove for food security. Trends Plant Sci. 21, 365–368 (2016).
Wang, Z. Y. et al. The amylose content in rice endosperm is related to the post-transcriptional regulation of the waxy gene. Plant J. 7, 613–622 (1995).
Hunt, H. V., Denyer, K., Packman, L. C., Jones, M. K. & Howe, C. J. Molecular basis of the waxy endosperm starch phenotype in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Mol. Biol. Evol. 27, 1478–1494 (2010).
Sweeney, M. T., Thomson, M. J., Pfeil, B. E. & McCouch, S. Caught red-handed: Rc encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein conditioning red pericarp in rice. Plant Cell 18, 283–294 (2006).
Fujino, K. et al. Molecular identification of a major quantitative trait locus, qLTG3–1, controlling low-temperature germinability in rice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 12623–12628 (2008).
Gu, X. Y., Turnipseed, E. B. & Foley, M. E. The qSD12 locus controls offspring tissue-imposed seed dormancy in rice. Genetics 179, 2263–2273 (2008).
Flintham, J., Adlam, R., Bassoi, M., Holdsworth, M. & Gale, M. Mapping genes for resistance to sprouting damage in wheat. Euphytica 126, 39–45 (2002).
Ogbonnaya, F. C. et al. Yield of synthetic backcross-derived lines in rainfed environments of Australia. Euphytica 157, 321–336 (2007).
Nakamura, S. et al. A wheat homolog of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 acts in the regulation of germination. Plant Cell 23, 3215–3229 (2011).
Torada, A. et al. A causal gene for seed dormancy on wheat chromosome 4A encodes a map kinase kinase. Curr. Biol. 26, 782–787 (2016).
Huo, H., Dahal, P., Kunusoth, K., McCallum, C. M. & Bradford, K. J. Expression of 9-cis-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE4 is essential for thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination but not for seed development or stress tolerance. Plant Cell 25, 884–900 (2013).
Huo, H. Q., Wei, S. H. & Bradford, K. J. DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) regulates both seed dormancy and flowering time through microRNA pathways. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 2199–2206 (2016).
Lin, S. Y., Sasaki, T. & Yano, M. Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling seed dormancy and heading date in rice, Oryza sativa L., using backcross inbred lines. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96, 997–1003 (1998).
Gu, X. Y., Kianian, S. F. & Foley, M. E. Multiple loci and epistases control genetic variation for seed dormancy in weedy rice (Oryza sativa). Genetics 166, 1503–1516 (2004).
Zhou, Z. et al. Resequencing 302 wild and cultivated accessions identifies genes related to domestication and improvement in soybean. Nat. Biotechnol. 33, 408–414 (2015).
Jiang, Z., Xu, G., Jing, Y., Tang, W. & Lin, R. Phytochrome B and REVEILLE1/2-mediated signalling controls seed dormancy and germination in Arabidopsis. Nat. Commun. 7, 12377 (2016).
Ma, X. et al. A robust crispr/cas9 system for convenient high-efficiency multiplex genome editing in monocot and dicot plants. Mol. Plant 8, 1274–1284 (2015).
Lichtenthaler, H. K. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods Enzymol. 148, 350–382 (1987).
Chai, C. et al. ZEBRA2, encoding a carotenoid isomerase, is involved in photoprotection in rice. Plant Mol. Biol. 75, 211–221 (2011).
Fraser, P. D., Pinto, M. E. S., Holloway, D. E. & Bramley, P. M. Application of high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection to the metabolic profiling of plant isoprenoids. Plant J. 24, 551–558 (2000).
Park, H., Kreunen, S. S., Cuttriss, A. J., DellaPenna, D. & Pogson, B. J. Identification of the carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body formation, and photomorphogenesis. Plant Cell 14, 321–332 (2002).
Fu, J., Chu, J., Sun, X., Wang, J. & Yan, C. Simple, rapid, and simultaneous assay of multiple carboxyl containing phytohormones in wounded tomatoes by UPLC-MS/MS using single SPE purification and isotope dilution. Anal. Sci. 28, 1081–1087 (2012).
Yoo, S. D., Cho, Y. H. & Sheen, J. Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts: a versatile cell system for transient gene expression analysis. Nat. Protoc. 2, 1565–1572 (2007).
Edgar, R. C. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 1792–1797 (2004).
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30, 2725–2729 (2013).
Chen, H. et al. Firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay for protein–protein interactions in plants. Plant Physiol. 146, 368–376 (2008).
Wang, J. et al. Arabidopsis CSN5B interacts with VTC1 and modulates ascorbic acid synthesis. Plant Cell 25, 625–636 (2013).
Kang, H. M. et al. Variance component model to account for sample structure in genome-wide association studies. Nat. Genet. 42, 348–354 (2010).
Price, A. L. et al. Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies. Nat. Genet. 38, 904–909 (2006).
Li, H. & Durbin, R. Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics 25, 1754–1760 (2009).
Li, H. et al. The sequence alignment/map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics 25, 2078–2079 (2009).
McKenna, A. et al. The Genome Analysis Toolkit: a MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data. Genome Res. 20, 1297–1303 (2010).
Danecek, P. et al. The variant call format and VCFtools. Bioinformatics 27, 2156–2158 (2011).
Chen, H., Patterson, N. & Reich, D. Population differentiation as a test for selective sweeps. Genome Res. 20, 393–402 (2010).
Gautier, M., Klassmann, A. & Vitalis, R. Rehh 2.0: a reimplementation of the R package rehh to detect positive selection from haplotype structure. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 17, 78–90 (2017).
Tang, K., Thornton, K. R. & Stoneking, M. A new approach for using genome scans to detect recent positive selection in the human genome. PLoS Biol. 5, e171 (2007).
Acknowledgements
We thank Q. Xie from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for providing access to the split ubiquitin-based yeast two-hybrid library. This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant nos. XDA08000000 and QYZDJ-SSW-SMC014) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 31525018, 91531304, and 31788103).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Z.T. and C.C. designed the experiments and managed the project. M.W., W.L., C.F., F.X., Z.W., R.Y., M.Z., S. Lu, J.T., Y.W., H.L., B.Z., D.Z., B.L., and F.K. performed gene cloning and functional analysis. M.W., Y.L., S. Liu, H.W., T.L., M.C., S.A.J., C.C., and Z.T. performed the data analyses. M.W., S.A.J., C.C., and Z.T. wrote the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Integrated supplementary information
Supplementary Figure 1 Comparison of the CDS sequences between G (from Kuaiqingpi) and g (from DN50) in soybean.
The bottom line refers to the protein sequence. Transmembrane motifs in G are marked with a box. Gray boxes indicate reserved motifs; the red box indicates the missing transmembrane motif in the g protein.
Supplementary Figure 2 Role of the G protein in chlorophyll accumulation and dormancy.
a, Subcellular localization of the G protein. The fluorescence of G-GFP and g-GFP specifically matched that of the chlorophyll autofluorescence signal, confirming exclusive chloroplast targeting of G. G-GFP, G-GFP fusion; g-GFP, g-GFP fusion; Vec-GFP, control with empty vector. Scale bar, 5 μm. A representative result of three independent experiments is shown. b, Chlorophyll accumulation in the seed coats of DN50 and transgenic lines. DN50 and the T3 transgenic lines are used. TC-1 and TC-2 indicate the two independent transformants that are generated by transformation of an 8,261-bp G genomic sequence from Kuaiqingpi into DN50, and OE-1 and OE-2 indicate the two independent overexpression transformants that were generated by transformation of the G coding sequence from Kuaiqingpi, which was driven by the CaMV 35S promoter, into DN50. Seed coats were dissected from mature seeds for chlorophyll analysis. Values represent the means ± standard error of three independent experiments. ****P ˂ 0.0001; adjusted P values were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple-comparisons test. c, Germination rates of DN50, OE1, and OE2. Freshly harvested mature seeds are used. d, Germination of DN50, TC-1 and TC-2 after 6 months of storage. The seeds were incubated under dark conditions at 28 ºC. Values represent the means ± standard error of three independent experiments.
Supplementary Figure 3 Genome-wide screening of selected regions during soybean domestication.
a, FST values for all SNP sites between G. soja and landrace. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide threshold (top 5% of the genome) of selection signals. The red line denotes the G gene, i.e., Glyma.01G198500. b, π values for all SNP sites between G. soja and landrace. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide threshold (top 5% of the genome) of selection signals. c, Whole-genome screening of selection sweeps using XP-CLR values. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide threshold (top 5% of the genome) of selection signals.
Supplementary Figure 4 Phylogenetic tree of G orthologs in representative plant species.
Colored boxes denote families: blue, Poaceae; green, Nelumbonaceae; orange, Solanaceae; red, Brassicaceae; purple, Rosaceae; yellow, Fabaceae.
Supplementary Figure 5 Alignment of G orthologs from representative plant species.
AT, Arabidopsis thaliana; Atrl, Amborella trichopoda; Brara, Brassica rapa; Fve, Fragaria vesca; Glyma, Glycine max; Medtr, Medicago truncatula; MDP, Malus domestica; Nta, Nicotiana tabacum; Nnu, Nelumbo nucifera; Os, Oryza sativa; Prupe, Prunus persica; Seita, Setaria italic; Sobic, Sorghum bicolor; Soly, Solanum tuberosum; Zm, Zea mays.
Supplementary Figure 6 Genome-wide screening of selected regions during rice domestication.
a, FST values for all SNP sites between Oryza rufipogon and Oryza sativa. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide threshold (top 5% of the genome) of selection signals. The red line denotes the OsG gene, i.e., LOC_Os03g01014. b, π values for all SNP sites between Oryza rufipogon and O. sativa. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide threshold (top 5% of the genome) of selection signals. c, Whole-genome screening of selection sweeps using XP-CLR values. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide threshold (top 5% of the genome) of selection signals.
Supplementary Figure 7 EHHS analysis of G locus in rice and tomato.
a, EHHS values across G region for Oryza rufipogon and O. sativa. The gray box denotes the G gene. b, EHHS values across the G region for S. pimpinellifolium (PIM), S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (CER), and S. lycopersicum (BIG). The gray box denotes the G gene.
Supplementary Figure 8 Germination variation of the wild-type and transgenic lines with different genotypes.
a, Germination of the cultivated rice HJ19 and transgenic lines. Transgenic lines were generated by introducing a genomic sequence from O. rufipogon (IRGC 105491) into HJ19. Means ± s.e.m. are shown, n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bar, 5.0 mm. b, Sequencing of PCR products containing targeted sites in OsgCR T2 plants. The red arrow indicates the deleted sequence. c, Relative expression of OsG in ZH11, CRISPR-Cas9 genome-edited (OsgCR), and overexpression (OE) lines. d–f, Germination of ZH11, OsgCR, and overexpression (OE) lines. Osg-OE and OsG-OE lines were generated by introducing DNA coding sequences from ZH11 and O. rufipogon (IRGC 105491), respectively, into ZH11. Freshly harvested spikes (d,e) and spikes stored for 6 months (f) were used in the experiments. Means ± s.e.m. are shown, n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bar, 5.0 mm.
Supplementary Figure 9 Genome-wide screening of selected regions during tomato domestication.
a, FST values for all SNP sites during tomato domestication. The dashed horizontal line indicates the genome-wide threshold (top 5% of the genome) of the selection signals. The red line denotes the SolycG gene, i.e., Soly08g005010. b, π values for all SNP sites between PIM and CER. c, Whole-genome screening of selection sweeps using XP-CLR values. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide threshold (top 5% of the genome) of selection signals.
Supplementary Figure 10 Haplotype and SNP analysis of SolycG in tomato.
a, Gene structure and haplotype of SolycG. Four SNPs in the exons are identified in the resequenced population. Eight haplotypes are divided into two groups according to the SNP at the 14927 site. b, SNP variation in the neighbor-joining tree of the tomato population. 360 accessions were used for the tree construction. The dots indicate genotypes: the red dots indicate the G genotype, the blue dots indicate the C genotype, and the gray dots indicate an undetected genotype due to missing data at this site. The colored lines represent the classification of the accessions: purple lines represent wild relatives of tomato (Wild), green lines represent S. pimpinellifolium (PIM), orange lines represent S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (CER), and blue lines represent big-fruited S. lycopersicum (BIG).
Supplementary Figure 11 Germination characteristics of the two AtG alleles.
a, Characterization of the AtG gene and its mutants. The genomic region of AtG is shown as a line. Exons are shown to scale as black boxes, and introns are shown as white boxes. The position of the T-DNA insertion is indicated by the triangle. b, Expression of AtG in the Col-0 and T-DNA insertional mutants. Primers for RT–PCR were designed to amplify the whole length of the coding DNA sequence of the AtG gene. A representative result of three replicate experiments is shown. c, Germination phenotype of freshly harvested seeds of Col-0, atg, atg-2, and dog1-2 without stratification. d, Germination phenotype of freshly harvested seeds of Col-0, atg, atg-2, and dog1-2 after 3 d of stratification at 4 ºC. Means ± s.e.m. are shown for n = 5 independent experiments. Each experiment consisted of about 50 seeds.
Supplementary Figure 12 Mechanism of G in seed dormancy regulation.
a, Coimmunoprecipitation assay of AtG with NCED3 and PSY. Proteins were expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts. GFP and HA beads were used for immunoprecipitation. Samples of input and precipitated products were analyzed by immunoblot using anti-GFP, anti-FLAG and anti-HA. The experiment was repeated twice with similar results. Uncropped gels are available in Supplementary Fig. 14. b, BIFC assays showing the protein interaction of AtG with NCED3 and PSY in vivo. YN, BIFC-2; YC, BIFC-1. The experiment was repeated three times with similar results. Scale bar, 10 μm. c, ABA accumulation in the seeds of DN50 and transgenic lines. Newly harvested mature seeds of DN50 and T3 transgenic lines were used. A representative result of two independent experiments is shown. Means ± s.e.m. for n = 3 technical independent replicates are shown. Adjusted P values were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple-comparisons test.
Supplementary Figure 13 Pale green phenotype of G mutants in Arabidopsis and rice.
a, atg mutant plants showing a pale green phenotype as compared with Col-0. The experiment was repeated six times with similar results. Scale bar, 3 cm. b, OsgCR mutant generated by CRISPR–Cas9 showing a pale green phenotype as compared with the wild-type ZH11. The experiment was repeated three times with similar results. Scale bar, 3 cm. c,d, Chlorophyll accumulation of Col-0, atg and transgenic lines. GmG-OE and Gmg-OE were generated by introducing DNA coding sequences from Kuaiqingpi and DN50, respectively, into atg. Scale bar, 3 cm. Leaf chlorophyll of 4-week seedlings was measured and calculated. Means ± s.e.m. for n = 3 technical independent replicates are shown. The significance was calculated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test, α < 0.05.
Supplementary Figure 14
Uncropped scans of western blotting images.
Supplementary information
Supplementary Text and Figures
Supplementary Figures 1–14
Supplementary Table 1
Seed coat color phenotype of accessions for GWAS
Supplementary Table 2
Information of the 176 resequenced rice accessions
Supplementary Table 3
Accessions for genetic diversity analysis of OsG in rice
Supplementary Table 4
Primers used in this study
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, M., Li, W., Fang, C. et al. Parallel selection on a dormancy gene during domestication of crops from multiple families. Nat Genet 50, 1435–1441 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0229-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0229-2
- Springer Nature America, Inc.
This article is cited by
-
ABA-mediated regulation of rice grain quality and seed dormancy via the NF-YB1-SLRL2-bHLH144 Module
Nature Communications (2024)
-
A mediator of OsbZIP46 deactivation and degradation negatively regulates seed dormancy in rice
Nature Communications (2024)
-
Genomic variation in weedy and cultivated broomcorn millet accessions uncovers the genetic architecture of agronomic traits
Nature Genetics (2024)
-
A syntelog-based pan-genome provides insights into rice domestication and de-domestication
Genome Biology (2023)
-
Temperature driven antagonistic fate determination by two bHLH transcription factors: dormancy or germination
Science China Life Sciences (2023)