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Evaluation of affective temperaments and arterial stiffness in different hypertension phenotypes

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Abstract

Affective temperaments (depressive, anxious, irritable, hyperthymic, and cyclothymic) are stable parts of personality and describe emotional reactivity to external stimuli. Their relation to psychopathological conditions is obvious, but less data are available on their relationship with cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate affective temperaments and hemodynamic and arterial stiffness parameters in healthy subjects (Cont), in white-coat hypertensive (WhHT) patients, and in non-resistant (non-ResHT) and resistant hypertensive (ResHT) patients. In this cross-sectional study, 363 patients were included: 82 Cont, 44 WhHT, 200 non-ResHT, and 37 ResHT. The patients completed the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and arterial stiffness was examined with tonometry (PulsePen). Significant differences were found between the Cont, WhHT, non-ResHT and ResHT groups in pulse wave velocity (7.76 ± 0.96, 8.13 ± 1.39, 8.98 ± 1.25, and 10.18 ± 1.18 m/s, respectively, p < 0.05 between Cont and non-ResHT/ResHT; p < 0.05 between non-ResHT and ResHT). Cyclothymic affective temperament points (4 (2.25–8)) were higher (p < 0.05) in the ResHT group than in the Cont (2 (0–5)) and non-ResHT (3 (1–5)) groups. The cyclothymic temperament points of the WhHT group (4 (2–7)) were also higher than those in the Cont group. ResHT was independently associated with a cyclothymic scale score above 6 (beta = 2.59 (95% CI: 1.16–5.77)), an irritable scale score above 7 (beta = 3.17 (95% CI: 1.3–7.69)) and an anxious scale score above 9 (beta = 2.57 (95% CI: 1.08–6.13)) points. WhHT was also independently associated with cyclothymic scale scores above 6 points (beta = 2.378, 95% CI: 1.178–4.802). In conclusion, white-coat and ResHT patients have specific affective temperament patterns, and the evaluation of these patterns can help to understand the psychopathological background of these conditions.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the contribution of Lászlóné Hárshegyi, Ágnes Polyák and Zoltánné Reisz, who helped by medically assisting the patients and performing data acquisition. We also thank Péter Torzsa MD, PhD and Dániel Eörsy MD for their assistance with patient recruitment. Xenia Gonda is a recipient of the János Bolyai Research Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This study was supported by the Hungarian Society of Hypertension.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Beata Korosi, Helga Gyongyosi

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Beáta Kőrӧsi, Helga Gyӧngyӧsi, Dóra Batta, Andrea László & János Nemcsik

  2. MD Office Jula/Schindler, Nuremberg, Germany

    Andrea László

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Illés Kovács

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA

    Illés Kovács

  5. Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    András Tislér

  6. Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Orsolya Cseprekál

  7. Department of Neuroradiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Zsófia Nemcsik-Bencze

  8. Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Xénia Gonda

  9. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Xénia Gonda & Zoltán Rihmer

  10. MTA-SE Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary

    Xénia Gonda

  11. Health Service of Zuglo (ZESZ), Budapest, Hungary

    János Nemcsik

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  1. Beáta Kőrӧsi
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Correspondence to János Nemcsik.

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Conflict of interest

XG is a recipient of the János Bolyai Research Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This study was supported by the Hungarian Society of Hypertension. However, these grants did not influence the data analysis or the interpretation of the results.

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Kőrӧsi, B., Gyӧngyӧsi, H., Batta, D. et al. Evaluation of affective temperaments and arterial stiffness in different hypertension phenotypes. Hypertens Res 44, 47–54 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-020-0513-2

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