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Effect of continuous positive airway pressure versus nasal cannula on late preterm and term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn

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Abstract

Objective

To compare continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with nasal cannula (NC) as primary noninvasive respiratory therapy in hypoxic infants for transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).

Study design

Retrospective cohort study of infants born at ≥34 weeks of gestation between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018.

Result

After adjusting for gestational age and birth weight, the maximum fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) was significantly lower in the CPAP group with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76–0.96). Although nonsignificant, the CPAP group needed 32% fewer hours on oxygen with an IRR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.38–1.22). The duration of respiratory support and the incidence of pneumothorax were similar between both groups.

Conclusion

Comparing CPAP with NC as initial noninvasive respiratory therapy for TTN, significantly lower maximum FiO2 was observed in the infants of CPAP group without increase in the incidence of pneumothorax.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Women and Infants, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, McKinney, TX, USA

    Arpitha Chiruvolu & Barbara Petrey

  2. Pediatrix Medical Group of Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA

    Arpitha Chiruvolu

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA, USA

    Kevin M. Claunch

  4. Department of Cardiopulmonary, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, McKinney, TX, USA

    Alberto J. Garcia

  5. Department of Biostatistics, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children’s Medical Center, Temple, TX, USA

    Kendall Hammonds

  6. Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children’s Medical Center, Temple, TX, USA

    Lea H. Mallett

Authors
  1. Arpitha Chiruvolu
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  2. Kevin M. Claunch
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  3. Alberto J. Garcia
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  4. Barbara Petrey
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Correspondence to Arpitha Chiruvolu.

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Chiruvolu, A., Claunch, K.M., Garcia, A.J. et al. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure versus nasal cannula on late preterm and term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn. J Perinatol 41, 1675–1680 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-021-01068-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-021-01068-9

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